C2.3 - Metals and Acids Flashcards
metal + hydrochloric acid → ?
metal + sulfuric acid → ?
metal + nitric acid → ?
metal chloride + hydrogen
metal sulfate + hydrogen
metal nitrate + hydrogen
How do you test for hydrogen?
1) Collect the gas in an empty test tube above the reaction tube (where you have done the experiment)
2) Light a splint
3) Put the splint in the test tube that contains the gas
4) If there is a squeaky pop, it is hydrogen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GqBl83Koig Watch up to 0:57
Write state symbols for these equations:
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
2Zn + O₂ → 2ZnO
2Fe + O₂ → 2FeO
2Mg₍ₛ₎ + O₂₍₉₎ → 2MgO₍ₛ₎
2Zn₍ₛ₎ + O₂₍₉₎ → 2ZnO₍ₛ₎
2Fe₍ₛ₎ + O₂₍₉₎ → 2FeO₍ₛ₎
(s) - Solid
(g) - Gas
(l) - Liquid
Note: Not required for this test
(aq) - aqueous solution (dissolved in water)
Balance these equations:
Zn + O₂ → ZnO
Fe + Cl₂ → FeCl₃
Step by step guide:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg6bmsg/revision/3
2Zn + O₂ → 2ZnO
2Fe + 3Cl₂ → 2FeCl₃
Balancer:
https://www.webqc.org/balance.php
What group reacts most vigorously with water?
Group 1: Alkali metals
Solve this word equation:
Sodium + Water → ?
Note: this is a group 1 element so it reacts differently to others
Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Balance, solve and add state symbols:
Na + H₂O → ?
Note: this is a group 1 element so it reacts differently to others
2Na₍ₛ₎ + 2H₂O₍ₗ₎ → 2NaOH₂₍aq₎ + H₂₍g₎
How can you remember the reactivity series? Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Copper Silver Gold
Please Stop Calling My Amazing Zebra In Class, She Grunts
Name the elements in the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Copper Silver Gold
Metals with steam:
Mg(s) + H₂O(g) → ?
MgO(s) + H₂(g)
Magnesium oxide + hydrogen
What is displacement?
Displacement is when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from its compound.
1) iron + copper sulfate → ?
2) magnesium + aluminium chloride→ ?
3) gold + copper oxide → ?
1) iron sulfate + copper
2) magnesium chloride + aluminium
3) no reaction
What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction?
Exothermic - energy is transferred to the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings increases
Endothermic - energy is taken from the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings decrease
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2b2k2p/revision/1#:~:text=When%20a%20chemical%20reaction%20happens,many%20oxidation%20reactions
How is a thermite reaction created?
iron oxide + aluminium → iron + aluminium oxide
2Al(s) + Fe₂O₃(s) → Al₂O₃(s) + 2Fe(l)
The reaction is exothermic so the iron melts
What is an ore?
An ore is a metal combined with another element to form a compound.
How are metals extracted from ores?
1) Separate the metal from the compound it is mixed with
2) Use chemical reactions to extract the metal
What non metal can be used to displace some metals from their ores?
Carbon
What process is used when the metal you need to extract from an ore is more reactive than carbon?
Electrolysis:
Positively charged aluminium ions gain electrons from the cathode, and form molten aluminium
Oxide ions lose electrons at the anode, and form oxygen molecules (idk wth this means, you don’t need to know it)
What are four properties of ceramics?
Physical Properties: Hard - can only be scratched by harder materials (search up Moh scale) Brittle - break easily Stiff - difficult to bend Solid at room temperature Strong when forces press on them Break easily when stretched Electrical insulators High melting points
Chemical Properties:
Do not react with water, acids or alkalis
What is a polymer?
A substance with very long molecules.
Name three examples for both synthetic and natural polymers.
Synthetic:
nylon - very strong, elastic and does not absorb water
polystyrene
poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) - third most used type of plastic
polyethylene - most used type of plastic
Natural:
Wool
Cotton
Rubber
What is a composite?
A composite is a mixture made of different materials to take advantage of both of their properties.
Give an example of a composite.
Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic - made from carbon fibres and a gluelike synthetic polymer.
Reinforced concrete - has a steel bar through the middle and has concrete around the sides.
Glass-fibre-reinforced aluminium - made from thin layers of aluminium, layers of glass fibre and a gluelike polymer to join the layers.
