C2 - The Peridoic Table Flashcards
What order do the elements in the periodic table sit?
They increase in atomic number
Why do elements in the same group in the periodic table have similar properties?
They all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
why are elements in group 0 unreactive?
They have a full outer shell - cannot lose or gain electrons
why are elements in group 1 so reactive
They only have 1 electron in their outershell so it is very easy to lose.
What order did mendeleev make the the periodic table?
Increasing in weight and left gaps so new elements can be discovered
If an element reacts to form positive ions they are ______
Metals
Elements that do not form positive ions are _________
Non metals
Are the majority of the elements in the periodic table, Metals or Non-Metals
Metals
What are the elements in group 0 called?
Noble gases
What are the elements in group 7 called?
Halogens
What is group 0s reactivity like?
They are unreactive
What increases as you go down group 0 (Noble gases)?
The boiling point
What are the elements in group 1 called?
Alkali Metals
What increases as you go down group 1 (Alkali Metals)?
Reactivity
What increases as you go down group 7? (halogens)
Relative molecular mass
Boling point
Melting point
What is the pattern of reactivity in group 7?
Reactivity decreases as you go down thr group
What can a more reactive halogen do to a salt of a less reactive halogen? (E.g what can chlorine do to bromine?)
Displace it
What are transition metals?
Metals with similar properties which are different to Alkali Metals
Why are transition metal ions important?
They have different charges
Can form coloured compounds
Useful as catlysts
What is the result of (a group 1 element) Lithium + Water?
Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
Why are group 1 elements called Alkali Metals?
They react with water to form an alkali
Why does reactivity in group 1 increase as you move down the group?
As you go down the group, the atoms increase in size
The bigger the atom, the further away the Outer electron is from the nucleus
So, the electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and outershell electron gets weaker
Making it easier for the atom to give up the electron
(This increases reactivity)
What is the result of flourine + potassium chloride?
Potassium flouride + chlorine
What properties do elements in group 0 (noble gases) have?
Full outer shells
Very unreactive - do not bond to form molecules
Boiling points increase as you go down the group
What does ‘inert’ mean in chemistry?
Very unreactive
What do group 1 elements react with?
Oxygen
Chlorine
Water
What is the result of (a group 1 element) Lithium + Oxygen?
Lithium oxide
What is the result of (a group 1 element) Lithium + Chlorine?
Lithium Chloride
What is a metal?
An element which can form positive ions when they react
How do you seperate Metals and Non-metals on the periodic table?
Draw a staircase line from Boron to Astatine
What is the difference between metals and non-metals?
Non-metals dont generally form positive ions when they react
Why do atoms react?
To form a full outershell
How do atoms react to form a full outershell?
Losing, gaining or sharing electrons
What are three properties of Metal?
They are strong
Good conductors of heat
Have high boiling points
What happens to Group 1 Alkali Metals reactivity when they are put in water?
They react very vigorously
What happens to Lithium, Sodium and Potassium (first three group 1 elements’) when they are put in water?
They float and move around the surface, fizzing furiously
What happens when Potassium and Below in group 1, when they are put in water?
So much energy is given out that there is enough to ignite hydrogen
What is formed when group 1 elements react vigourously in chlorine gas?
White salts called metal chlorides
Why does reactivity decrease as you go down group 7?
The outershell gets further away from the nucleus, so it is harder to gain an extra electron
Complete the equation for the reaction of potassium with water and balance the equation
K + H2O –>
(2) K + (2) H2O –> (2) KHO + H2
What are the differences between the physical properties of group 1 and transition metals?
Group 1 is:
less dense
Has lower melting point and boiling point
Less strong
Bromine Boiling point is 59°C.
Why is it not correct to say that the boiling point of a single bromine molecule is 59°C?
Its demonstrating the boiling points of ALL molecules in the substance, not just one.
Why did most of the alpha particles pass through the gold foil in the alpha scattering experiment by Rutherford?
Most of the atom is ‘empty’ space
Give one reason why it would be hazardous if water came into contact with
sodium.
Sodium is very explosive
Suggest why a reacrion using a toxic gas is carried out in an atmosphere of
argon and not in air.
Oxygen in air can react
Argon is inert
