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GCSE Chemistry > C1 - Atomic structure > Flashcards

C1 - Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some ways of seperating mixtures?

A

Filtration
Crystalisation
Distillation
Chromatography

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2
Q

What was JJ Thompsons discovery in 1897?

A

The Plum Pudding Model

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3
Q

What was the plum pudding model idea?

A

That an atom was a ball of positive charge with electrons in it

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4
Q

What did Bohr propose in 1913?

A

That the electrons orbit the nucleus

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5
Q

What did Rutherford discover after his previous nuclear model was incorrect?

A

Protons

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6
Q

Lastly, What did James Chadwick discover?

A

neutrons

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7
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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8
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

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9
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron

A

-1

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10
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The amount of protons the element has

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11
Q

How do you calculate the mass number of an element?

A

Protons + neutrons

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12
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS

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13
Q

How does an atom turn into a positive ion? (Ionization)

A

If an electron in the outershell gains too much energy it will leave the atom
There will be more protons than electons
So it becomes a positive ion

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14
Q

What do ‘subatomic particles’ refer to?

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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15
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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16
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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17
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

0.0005

18
Q

What did Rutherford propose?

A

There was some sort of compact nucleus

19
Q

What is Filtration?

A

The technique that separates insoluble solids from liquids

20
Q

What is an example of a filtration experiment? What is the insoluble substance? What is the soluble substance? And what is the solvent?

A

Experiment of seperating SALT and SAND mixture
Solvent = water and salt mixed
Insoluble = sand (cannot be dissolved)
Soluble = salt

21
Q

What does the term ‘mixture’ include in seperation techniques?

A

A liquid and an insoluble solid

22
Q

What is an example of a ‘mixture’ in seperation techniques and why?

A

Sand in Water
because the sand does not dissolve in the water

23
Q

What does a ‘Solution’ include in seperation techniques?

A

A liquid and a soluble solid

24
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A liquid that is capable of dissolving one or more substances

25
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

The technique that seperates a soluble substance from a solvent, by heating

26
Q

What is distillation?

A

The technique that seperates a liquid from a mixture by evaporation, followed by condensation

27
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

The technique that seperates a mixture into a number of diffrent fractions (parts)

28
Q

Where would you find the mass number of an element symbol?

A

The TOP number

29
Q

Where would you find the atomic number on an element symbol?

A

The BOTTOM number

30
Q

What did John Dalton’s think the Atomic model consisted of?

A

An atom was a solid sphere that could not be divided. (No subatomic particles)

31
Q

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

A

They have an equal number of protons and electrons

32
Q

What did scientists discover in the alpha scattering experiment?

A

Some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil

33
Q

What did the Alpha scattering experiment conclude to?

A

An atoms mass and positive charge must be concentrated in a nucleus

34
Q

What is the atomic theory?

A

The idea that everything is made up of tiny particles seperated by empty space?

35
Q

Who founded the atomic theory?

A

Democritus (500 BC)

36
Q

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an isotope?

A

Multiply the % abundance of each isotope with its mass
Add them together and then divide by 100 (%)

37
Q

Why do atoms have only 2 electrons in its innermost shell?

A

The innermost shell can only hold 2 electrons

38
Q

Suggest 2 reasons why a discovery of an element like Gallium helped Mendeleevs Periodic table become accepted

A

Gallium fit a gap that Mendeleev had left
Galliums properties were predicted correctly

39
Q

What is one limitation of using a dot and cross diagram to show a molecule?

A

Its only in 2D and not 3D

40
Q

How did Niehl Bohr adapt the Nuclear Model?

A

He made the electrons orbit the nucleus
Electrons had a specific distance from the nucleus

GCSE Chemistry (9 decks)

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