C10 - Organic Reactions Flashcards
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms in a molecule which determine how typically the molecule reacts
What functional group are all alkenes situated in?
C=C group
What takes place in addition reactions?
The double C=C bond opens up to become a C-C single bond
Whais the worded reaction equation to form alcohols?
Alkene + water (through a catalyst)——> alcohol
What is hydrogenation?
where hydrogen reacts with double bond carbons to get rid of the double bond and from a saturated alkene
What are 4 ways to make an alkene saturated?
Normal addition reaction
Hydrogenation
React it with steam to form an alcohol
React it with a halogen
What functional group to alcohols have?
-OH
What functional group do carboxylic acids have?
-COOH
What is the general formula of an alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH
What are the first 4 alcohols in the homologous series?
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
Why does writing CH4O for methanol, wrong?
It doesn’t show the -OH functional group
Its should be: CH3OH
How can alcohols become oxidised?
By reacting them with oxygen
True or false: Alcohols are flammable.
True
When alcohols go through complete combustion in the air, what do they produce?
Carbon dioxide + water
alcohols react with oxygen to form __________
A Carboxylic acid
What is the product of methanol + oxygen
Methanoic acid
Why are alcohols used as solvents?
Because they can dissolve things LIKE water
as well as dissolve MORE things than water
How is ethanol made?
By the process of fermentation
What is the worded equation of fermentation?
Glucose (yeast ——-») Ethanol + carbon dioxide
What are the best conditions for fermentation?
A temperature of 37°C in a slightly acidic solution thats under anaerobic conditions (no oxygen)
What are the first 4 carboxylic acids in the homologous series?
Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid
Carboxylic acids react like any other acids. So when they react with metal carbonates, what are their products?
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
What are the products of: Methanoic acid + sodium carbonate?
And what does the salt end in?
Sodium meth-ANOATE + Water + Carbon dioxide
What are carboxylic acids, weak acids?
They don’t ionise fully in a solution
What functional group to esters have?
-COO-
What reactions makes an ester?
A reaction between an Alcohol + a carboxylic acid
What is usually used in a alcohol + carboxylic acid reaction?
An acid catalyst
What are the products of a reaction between:
Ethanol + ethanoic acid.
Ethanol + ethanoic acid (an acid catalyst ——–») ethyl ethanoate + water
What is a possible acid used in an alcohol + carboxylic acid reaction?
Sulfuric acid
What is the important ester we need to know for GCSE?
Ethyl Ethanoate
