C2 - States Of Matter Flashcards
What 3 forms do materials come in?
Solid,liquid and gas (aka the three states of matter)
What makes a material change its state?
How strong the forces are depends on three things:
1) The material (the structure of the substance and the type of bonds holding the particles together)
2) The temperature
3) The pressure
What is the particle theory?
A model which explains how each particles in a material behave in each of the three states of matter by considering each particle as a small,solid,inelastic sphere
How strong are the forces of attraction in solids?
There are strong forces of attraction between particles, which holds them close together in fixed positions to form a very regular lattice arrangement
Do the particles move in solids?
The particles do not move from their positions, so all solids keep a definite shape and volume, and do not flow like liquids
What do solid particles do in their position?
The particles vibrate about their positions - the hotter the solid becomes, the more they vibrate (causing solids to expand slightly when heated)
How strong are the forces of attraction in liquids?
In liquids, there’s a weak force of attraction between the particles. They are randomly arranged and free to move past each other, but they tend to stick closely together
Do liquids have a definite volume and shape?
Liquids have a definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape. Meaning it will flow to fill the bottom of a container
How does liquids particles move?
They are constantly moving in a random motion
What happens when a liquid gets hotter?
The hotter the liquid get the faster they move. This causes liquids to expand slightly when heated.
How strong are the forces of attraction in gases?
In gases, the force of attraction between the particles is very weak - they’re free to move and are far apart. The particles in gases travel in straight lines
Do gases have a definite shape and volume?
They do not meaning they will always fill a container
How does gases particles move?
They move constantly with random motion
What happens when the gas gets hotter?
The hotter the gas gets, the faster the molecules move. Gases either expand when heated, or their pressure increases
Why is the particle theory imperfect?
As in reality the particles aren’t solid,inelastic or sphere shaped - they’re atoms, ions or molecules. Also, the model doesn’t show the forces between the particles, so there’s no way of knowing how strong they are.
