C1 - Distillation

Question 1

What is distillation used for?

Answer 1

Separating mixtures which contain liquids

Question 2

What are the two types of distillation?

Answer 2

Simple and fraction distillation

Question 3

What is simple distillation used for?

Answer 3

Separating out solutions

(Such as seawater)

Question 4

What is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 4

Separating out a mixture a liquids

(Such as crude oil)

Question 5

Explain the steps of simple distillation

Answer 5

1) The solution is heated.The part of the solution that has the lowest boiling point evaporates first,

2) The vapour is then cooled,condenses(turns back into a lquid) and is collected

3) The rest of the solution is left behind in yhe flask

Question 6

If you do distillation on seawater what can you get?

Answer 6

Pure water

(The water evaporates and is condensed and collected.Eventually youll end up with just the salt left in the flask)

Question 7

What is the problem with simple distillation?

Answer 7

You can only use it to separate things with VERY DIFFERENT boiling points - it the temperature goes higher than the bouling point of the substance with the higher boiling point,they will mix again.

Question 8

Explain the steps of fractional distillation

Answer 8

Lets take crude oil for example

1) Put your mixture in a flask and stick a fractionating column on top.Then you heat it.

2) The different liquids will all have different boiling points - so they will evaporate at different temperatures

3) The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates first.When the temperature on the thermometer matches the boiling point of this liquid,it will reach the top of the column.

4) Liquids with higher boiling points might also start to evaporate.But the column is coolor towards the top.So they will only get part of the way up before condensing and running back down towards the flask

5) When the first liquid has been collected you raise the temperature until the next one reaches the top