C1 - Metals And Non-Metals Flashcards
When metals react what do they form?
Positive ions (cations)
When non-metals react what do they form?
Negative ions (anions)
Why do atoms generally react?
To form a full outer shell.They do this via losing,gaining or sharing electrons
Why is it feasible for metals to get a full outer shell?
1) Metals to the left of the periodic table dont have many electrons to remove
2) Metals towards the bottom of the periodic table have outer electrons which are a long way from the nucleus so it feels a weaker attractions
The reasons from 1 and 2 mean that not much energy is required to remove the electrons to form positive ions with a full outer shell
Why is it harder for non-metals to form positive ion and get a full outer shell?
1)To the right of the periodic table,they have lots of electrons to remove to get a full outer shell
2)Towards the top of the periodic table,the outer electrons are close to the nucleus so they feel a strong attraction.
What is a feasible way for non-metals to gain a full outer shell?
By sharing or gaining electrons
What is metallic bonding?
Metals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern. The electrons from the outer shells of the metal atoms are delocalised , and are free to move through the whole structure. This sharing of delocalised electrons results in strong metallic bonding.
State properties of metals
As all metals have metallic bonding,this cause them to have similar basic physical properties
which are:
- They are strong(hard to break) but can be bent or hammered into different shapes (malleable)
- Great at conducting heat and electricity
- They have high melting and boiling points
State common properties of non-metals
As non-metals dont have metallic bonding,they tend to not have the same properties as metals they are:
- Dull looking
- Brittle
- Arent always solids at room temperature
- Dont generally conduct electricity
- Often have a lower density
