C2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cellular Respiration

A
  • Can occur aerobically (oxygen present)
  • Can occur anaerobically (oxygen not present)
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2
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ADP + 36Pi → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP + heat

Glucose is completely oxidized with oxygen present

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3
Q

Glycolysis

A

Step 1
Location: Cytoplasm

Glucose + 2ATP → 2G3P + 2NAD+ → 2 Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2 NADH

  • Anerobic process
  • Glucose is oxidized
  • NAD+ is reduced
  • Produces 2 NADH
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4
Q

Pyruvate Oxidization / Linking Reaction

A

Step 2
Location: Matrix of Mitochondria

  1. Pyruvate + NAD+ → Acetyl (2 carbon compound) + CO2 + NADH
  2. Acetyl + Coenzyme-A → Acetyl Coenzyme-A (goes to krebs cycle)
  • Oxygen binds to the loose carbon to make CO2; this this is aerobic
  • This happens twice overall (once for each pyruvate created from glycolysis)
  • Pyruvate is oxidized
  • Pyruvate is a 3 carbon molecule → One carbon is lost and becomes CO2
  • Acetyl is oxidized by NAD+ → NADH is formed
  • Acetyl joins to a carrier called coenzyme A
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5
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

Location: Matrix of Mitochondria

  • Aerobic process
  • Main purpose is to produce NADH and FADH2

Acetyl CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD+ + ADP → 3NADH + FADH2 + ATP + 2 CO2

  • This occurs twice (for each Acetyl CoA molecule)
  • NAD+ is reduced
  • FAD is reduced
  • ATP is formed
  • All 6 carbon atoms of glucose have been oxidized to CO2
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6
Q

ETC & Chemiosmosis

A

Location: Inner mitrochondrial membrane

  • Aerobic process
  • NADH and FADH2 release electrons which move through carrier proteins
  • Each time e- moves from protein to protein; it releases energy into intermembrane space
  • Hydrogen ions gain potential energy as they move through proton pump into intermembrane space
  • Hydrogen ion on one side of membrane creates electrochemical gradient
  • ATP synthase channel = only place permeable to hydrogen ions
  • Forces hydrogen ions into matrix → energy is released (used to synthesize ATP)
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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Total ATP produced per glucose

A

Glycolysis: 2
Pyruvate Oxidization: 0
Krebs Cycle: 2
ETC/Chemiosmosis: 34
Total: 36

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9
Q

Anerobic Cellular Respiration

Alcohol Fermentation

A
  • NADH produced in glycolysis pass their H atoms to acetaldehyde
  • Acetaldehyde: CO2 removevd from pyruvate by pruvate decarboxylase (enzyme) - Forms ethanol
  • Reycles NAD+ to be used in glycolysis again
  • 2 ATP produced
  • CO2 and ethanol released as waste
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10
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A
  • Lack of O2 can cause cramping (buildup of lactic acid)
  • NADH transfers H atoms to pyruvate in cytoplasm → Regenerates NAD+; glycolysis can continue
  • Pyruvate is reduced
  • Oxygen available again = Lactic acid → Pyruvate (used in krebs)
  • Short burst of energy when O2 not available
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