C2 1 Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What is a compound?
A substance which contains two or more element chemically combined.
What are the two types of bonding?
- Covalent (non-metal)
- Ionic (metal)
What happens to the electrons in covalent and ionic?
- Covalent - share
- Ionic - transfer
What do atoms losing electrons and atoms gaining electrons form?
Losing form positive ions and gaining forms negative ions
Which out of a metal and non-metal reacting becomes a positive ion?
Metal
If an atom loses 2 electrons how is its formula written as. Let the element be known as x.
x2+
Draw sodium and chlorine as ions.
What causes the bonds inbetween the atoms in ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attractions
What is known as ionic bonding?
The electrostatic force of attraction which acts in all directions.
What do the ionic bonds result to?
A giant structure or a giant lattice
Why are the ions in a giant structure held so strongly together?
As the force exerted by an ion on the other ions acts equally in all directions.
Why is the giant structure of ionic compounds very regular?
As it’s packed together neatly
What is the overall charge of any ionic compound?
Zero
Why do some compounds of transition metals have roman numerals in brackets?
As they can form ions which carry different sizes of positive charge.
What always happens with the charges in an ionic compound?
They always cancel out each other.
What does the formula of an ionic compound show?
The ratio of ions present in the compound.
What are the three ways covalent bonding can be shown?
What do most covalent bonds consist of?
Small molecules
Some covalently bonded structures can be giant structures. What can they be referred as?
Macromolecules
Give two examples of a macromolecule.
Diamond and silicon dioxide
What do metals form as they are built up in a regular pattern?
Crystals
What structures are metals?
Giant structure - a lattice of positively charged ions
How to metal atoms bond?
Metal atoms lose their outermost electrons. The atoms become positive ions and the free electrons which are negatively charged moving between the positive ions create electrostatic attractions to hold them together.
What is the ‘sea’ of electrons?
They are the electrons moving around the positively charged ions. They are also called **delocalised electrons **as they are no longer linked with any ion.
