C1 6 Plant Oils Flashcards
Through what process are vegetable oils extracted from plants?
Pressing and distillation
What do vegetable oils provide?
Nutrients and a high energy content.
What is done to the plant material before getting pressed or distiller?
The plant material is crushed
What happens to food when they’re cooked in vegetable oil?
- The food cook quickly
- The outside colour changes colour or crispier
- The inside softens
What happens during the process of hardening?
Hydrogen is added to unsaturated molecules, replacing the carbon to carbon double bonds with single bonds. A nickel catalyst is used at 60*C
What are hardened oils known as?
Hydrogenated oils
What is another name for hardening?
Hydrogenation
What are emulsions?
A mixture of liquids that do not dissolve in eachother. For example oil and water.
What happens to the droplets of oil in water?
They disperse.
What is an emulsifier?
A substance which helps immiscable liquids miscable so they don’t separate into layers. An example is egg yolk.
How does an emulsifier work?
It is an molecule with a tail that is attracted to oil and a head that is attracted to water. The tail is hydrophobic and the head is hydrophilic. The tails dissolve in oil making tiny droplets which get charged by the heads sticking out in the water. The charges repel and stops them from separating.
What do all vegetable oils contain?
Chains on carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms
What do we call the oils with carbon-carbon double bonds?
Unsaturated oils
What important change takes place when hardening an oil?
A chemical change, it produces hydrogenated oils with a higher melting point than the original.
