C1a3 Social learning theory

Question 1

Observational learning

Answer 1

the process of learning from watching others.

Question 2

Modelling

Answer 2

The act of copying an observed behavior. Observing, identifying with and copying the behavior of a role model.

Question 3

Process of observational learning

Answer 3

4 steps:
Attention- paying attention to person being observed
Memory- being able to remember what we’ve seen until needed
Reproduction- being able to act out what we see

Question 4

Role model

Answer 4

a person we observe and learn from. Can be from a celebrity, parent, teacher or sporting hero

Question 5

Identification

Answer 5

A feeling of similarity with a role model that leads to the imitation of their behavior- we believe we can be like them. We are more likely to model a person who is popular, attractive, a similar age, or the same gender as us

Question 6

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 6

learning through the positive consequences of other people’s actions rather than firsthand- we are more likely to copy if they are rewarded

Question 7

Vicarious punishment

Answer 7

the opposite of vicarious reinforcement- we are less likely to copy behavior that leads to bad consequences or a punishment

Question 8

Bandura’s bobo doll

Answer 8

Psychologist Bandura found that children were more likely to copy an adult attacking a bobo doll if the adult was rewarded for it. If the adult was punished, the children were less likely to copy. The study supports the idea that children learn aggression. He learned that boys were more likely to copy physical agression

Question 9

Strengths of social learning theory as an explanation for aggression

Answer 9

1. Bandura’s study supports it, as he found children do copy aggression
2. Many school shootings have been linked to Tv and video game violence

Question 10

Weaknesses of social learning theory as an explanation for aggression

Answer 10

1. It might be that aggressive children seek out aggressive TV and video games. They could already have been naturally aggressive.
2. Not all children copy aggression on TV
3. Watching violent TV and video games can actually lower aggression- it acts as a release for natural aggression
4. It is difficult to study observational learning- modelling can take place a long time after it is observed, or never take place at all.