C16 Reproductive Flashcards
Endometriosis-Description
Appearance and growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the
endometrium
-Despite the location of the new tissue, it responds to hormonal signs that may
lead to scarring of the ectopic site
-unknown etiology
Endometriosis-Symptoms
-Dysmenorrhea
-Profuse menses
-Infertility
-Dysuria
Endometriosis-Dx
-Physical examination
-Detection of nodules (palpation,
imaging)
Endometriosis-Treatment
-Pain medications
-Hormone therapy
-Laparoscopy
-Surgery
Ovarian Cancer-Description
6th most common cancer among females in the US
-Females who take oral contraceptives for >5y decrease their risk of ovarian cancer 60%
-Etiology: unknown (infertility, family history, hormone replacement therapy with
estrogen, obesity, endometriosis), BRCA gene
Ovarian Cancer-Symptoms
-Pelvic pain
-Urinary urgency
-Abdominal pain/bloating
-Nausea
-Loss of appetite
-Changes in menstrual cycle
Ovarian Cancer-Dx
-Blood biomarkers: HE4
-Transvaginal sonography
-Abdominal ultrasound
Ovarian Cancer-Treatment
-Grading & Staging
-Surgery
-Chemotherapy
-Radiation (less frequent)
Breast Cancer-Description
Malignant neoplasm of the breast.
-The most common cancer in females in the US
-Genetic abnormalities (only 10% inherited). Risk factors: long menstrual cycle, obesity after menopause, smoking, alcohol consumption, high-fat diet, sedentary, etc.
Breast Cancer-Symptoms
Abnormality in the breast
-Lump
-Thickening
-Dimpling
-Nipple discharge
-Pain and tenderness
Breast Cancer-Dx
-Self-examination
-Mammography
-Ultrasonography
-CT/MRI
-Biopsy
Breast Cancer-Treatment
-Surgery
-Radiation
Prostatic Hyperplasia-Description
Benign hyperplasia of the prostate. The enlargement squeeze the urethra or cells grow into the urethra and the bladder.
-Males over age 50
-Only clinically significant if there is obstruction of urinary flow
-Associated with metabolic and hormonal changes
Prostatic Hyperplasia-Symptoms
-Urinary obstruction
-Nocturia
-Hematuria
-Incontinence
Prostatic Hyperplasia-Dx
Digital rectal examination
Blood test
-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Prostatic Hyperplasia-Treatment
-Thermotherapy- cryo
-Surgery
Prostatic Cancer-Description
Malignant neoplasm (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate tissue.
-Males over age 50
-Etiology: family history, racial predisposition (AA), environment (chemicals), STDs, hormones and diet (high fat).
Prostatic Cancer-Symptoms
*Asymptomatic
-Urinary obstruction
-Dysuria/Nocturia
-Hematuria
-Incontinence
Prostatic Cancer-Treatment
*Stage/ Grade
-Hormonal therapy
-Surgery
-Radiation therapy
-Cryoablation
Prostatic Cancer-Dx
Digital rectal examination
Blood test
-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-non specific
-Α methyl acyl CoA racemase (AMACR, new)-specific
