C10 Nervous System Diseases Flashcards
What are the main components of the Nervous System?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?
Central nervous system (CNS), Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Conduits information to and from CNS
What are neurons?
Nerve cells that initiate and conduct electrochemical impulses
What are the two main parts of a neuron?
Axon, Dendrites
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
Carries impulses away to other neurons
What role do dendrites play in a neuron?
Carry messages to the cell
What are the three types of neurons?
*Sensory/Afferents
*Motor/Efferent
*Interneurons
What is the function of sensory/afferent neurons?
Transmit impulses to the CNS from muscles and glands
What is the role of motor/efferent neurons?
Transmit impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands
What is a synapse?
Small space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another
What are the functions of the brain?
*Coordinates
*Controls
*Regulates life-sustaining tasks
What is the spinal cord responsible for?
Transmits electrochemical messages to and from the brain
What are the three membranes that make up the meninges?
*Dura mater
*Arachnoid membrane
*Pia mater
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Protection, moving waste products, and nutrients
What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?
*Sympathetic System
*Parasympathetic System
What does the sympathetic system respond to?
Flight-or-fight response during stress, anger, or fear
What is a migraine headache characterized by?
Recurring headache with intense pain, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting
What are common triggers for migraine headaches?
*Food
*Hormonal changes
*Sensory stimuli
*Weather
*Medications
What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
When the brain collides with the inside of the skull
What is the mildest form of TBI?
Cerebral concussion
What are symptoms of traumatic brain injury?
*Brief unconsciousness
*Amnesia
*Headache
*Confusion
*Balance problems
What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
Temporary episodes of impaired neurological activity due to insufficient blood flow
What are common symptoms of TIA?
*Confusion
*Mental weakness
*Extremities weakness
*Speech deficits
What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
Sudden impairment of consciousness and subsequent paralysis
What are the two types of strokes?
*Ischemic stroke
*Hemorrhagic stroke
What are common symptoms of a stroke?
*Face droop
*Arms raise
*Speech slurred
*Dizziness
What is epilepsy?
Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurring attacks of abnormal sensory, motor, and psychological activity
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges
What are common symptoms of meningitis?
*Headache
*Fever
*Vomiting
*Nuchal rigidity
What is Alzheimer disease?
Progressive brain syndrome associated with the death of neurons in the cerebral cortex
What are symptoms of Alzheimer disease?
*Memory loss
*Depression
*Agitation
*Sleep disturbances
What is Parkinson disease characterized by?
Progressive muscle rigidity and involuntary tremors
What are common symptoms of Parkinson disease?
*Bradykinesia
*Rigid extremities
*Involuntary tremors
What is multiple sclerosis?
Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of myelin
What are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
*Change of vision
*Muscle weakness
*Fatigue
*Balance problems
