C14 Digestive System Flashcards
Digestive System
Associated with the ingestion and digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
Digestive System-Functions
Functions:
-Ingest
-Digest
-Absorption of nutrients
-Elimination of solid, indigestible wastes
NIH
Digestive System-Parts
Oral cavity
-Mouth
-Salivary glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Glands
-Liver
-Pancreas
-Gallbladder
Celiac Disease-Description
Disease of the small intestine marked by malabsorption or gluten
intolerance that damages the mucosal lining of the intestine.
*Gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
-Also known as gluten-induced enteropathy
-Immunological reaction to gliadin (water-
insoluble protein present in the gluten) or
toxic reaction
-ALLERGIC RESPONSE
Celiac Disease-Symptoms
-Anorexia
-Abdominal distension
-Flatulence
-Diarrhea (yellow-gray,
greasy stool)
-Intestinal bleeding
-Dermatitis
-Muscle wasting
-Tetany (painful,
periodic muscle
contractions)
Celiac Disease-Dx
Serological test
-IgA, anti-endomysium Ab
(EMA) and tissue
transglutaminase (tTG) Ab.
Biopsy of the small intestine
(destruction of the villi)
Celiac Disease-Treatment
-Lifelong gluten-
free diet
-Corticosteroid
drugs
-Supplements (Vit
B12, folic acid)
Crohn’s Disease-Description
Serious, chronic inflammation of the
gastrointestinal tract with a characteristic thickening of the
wall and narrowing of the intestinal lumen.
-Genetic susceptibility + environmental triggers
+damaged intestinal wall
-It can affect any part of the GI tract (from mouth to
anus, more common the ileum)
Crohn’s Disease-Symptoms
-Intermittent abdominal pain
-Diarrhea
-Lack of appetite
-Weight loss
-Fissures or fistulas in anal area
Crohn’s Disease- Dx
Blood test
-(anemia, infection)
Fecal test (blood)
Colonoscopy
Endoscopy
CT / MRI
Biopsy
Crohn’s Disease-Treatment
Symptomatic
Medication:
-Corticosteroids
-Immunomodulators
-Antibiotics
-Enzymes
Surgery
-Colostomy
-Ileostomy
Viral Hepatitis-Description
Infection and inflammation of the
liver caused by any one of several viruses
-HCV: the most common blood-borne
infection in the US. Transmitted through
transfusion from asymptomatic individuals
Most common Hepatitis virus
-Hepatitis A virus
-Hepatitis B virus
-Hepatitis C virus
D,E,G also exist
Viral Hepatitis-Symptoms
*Asymptomatic
-Flulike symptoms
-Malaise
-Fatigue
-Anorexia
-Myalgia
-Fever
-Dark-colored urine
-Abdominal pain/tenderness
-Pruritus (itching)
-Jaundice
-Headache
Viral Hepatitis-Dx
High liver enzymes
-Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
-Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
High Bilirubin or bilirubin in urine
(bilirubinuria)
Viral Hepatitis-Treatment
-Bed rest
-Fluids
-Anti-viral agents
Cirrhosis-Description
Irreversible, degenerative disease of the liver characterized by the replacement of normal liver cells with fibrous scar tissue and other alterations in liver
structure.
-Impaired ability to control infections, remove toxins, process nutrients, hormones
and medications, make proteins to regulate clotting, produce bile, etc.
-Etiology: nutritional or alcoholic (the most common). Hep B, C and D, non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease, inherited diseases, toxins, CHF.
hepmag
Cirrhosis-Symptoms
-Asymptomatic
-Nausea/vomiting
-Anorexia
-Abdominal ache
-Weakness
-Bleeding
-Edema (legs)
-Ascites (accumulation
of fluid in the abdomen)
-Jaundice
Cirrhosis-Dx
Physical exam (enlarged and firm)
Blood test
-Anemia & folate deficiency
-Hemolysis (RBC destruction)
-High liver enzymes
-Alanine
aminotransferase (ALT)
-Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST)
High Bilirubin
CT / ultrasound/ MRI
Cirrhosis-Treatment
-Rest
-Diet
-*restriction of alcohol or
medication
-Supplements (vitamins)
-Liver transplant
Cirrhosis-Prognosis
-Poor in advanced cirrhosis
-Portal hypertension
-Varices (esophageal)
-Hepatic failure
