c14: psychopharmacology

Question 1

pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

study of how the body affects the drug

Question 1

what is an example of pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

understanding how drugs are made inactive due to enzymes in the body

Question 2

pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

how drugs affect the body

Question 3

what is affinity of a drug

Answer 3

how well a drug binds to a receptor/transporter

Question 4

what is efficacy of a drug

Answer 4

the actions of a drug after a drug affects a neuron and behavior. how it enters the body to begin with can influence the effect of a drug

Question 5

what are the four routes of administration of drugs

Answer 5

1. oral
2. injection
3. inhalation
4. insulfation

Question 6

explain oral administration

Answer 6

pills or liquid in the mouth. the most common, yet the medication isn’t super effective since it has to reach the stomach or intestine

Question 7

explain injection administration

Answer 7

drug (liquid) is put into the veins, muscles, and/or skin

Question 8

explain inhalation administration

Answer 8

a gas or vapor is inhaled, ie marijuana, tobacco, crack, and cocaine

Question 9

explain insulfation administration

Answer 9

snorting a gas, powder, or powder

Question 10

what are the two types of agonists in drugs? what what is an agonist?

Answer 10

direct agonist and indirect agonist. agonists help NTs bind to receptors

Question 11

direct agonist

Answer 11

drug that binds and activates a receptor. mimics NTs or binds to another part of a receptor

Question 12

indirect agonist

Answer 12

doesn’t bind to receptors directly, but helps NTs to bind through creating more NTs and more storage vesicles in the synapse

Question 13

recreational drugs

Answer 13

drugs taken for the purpose of pleasure, stimulation, relaxation, or altered state of consciousness

Question 14

substance abuse disorder (SUD)

Answer 14

using 1 or more drugs that can lead to harm of a person’s health, productivity, emotional state, or relationships

Question 15

what is alcohol intoxication, what causes it, and what are the effects

Answer 15

alcohol poisoning and drunkness. causes vomitting, loss of consciousness, low blood sugar, seizures, and depressed breating

Question 16

alcohol use disorder (AUD)

Answer 16

habitual use of alcohol, causing health and mental problems

Question 17

korsakoff syndrome

Answer 17

neurological disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption. can cause dimentia

Question 18

alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Answer 18

symptoms associated with stopping the consumption of alcohol. can be deadly

Question 19

what are the 3 stages of alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Answer 19

stage 1: sweating, vomiting, agitation
stage 2: epileptic like seizures
stage 3: confusion, auditory and visual hallucinations

Question 20

what NT does alcohol act like and why

Answer 20

GABA, GABA is increased which increases dopamine systems

Question 21

teratogen

Answer 21

impacts fetus development. alcohol and tobacco would be considered teratogens

Question 22

what NT does nicotine act like and why

Answer 22

acetylcholine, it binds to Ach receptors to impact the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

Question 23

metabolic tolerance

Answer 23

physiological tolerance where the liver and organs produce enzymes to eliminate drugs in the system

Question 24

downregulation

Answer 24

form of regulation where the amount of NT made or amount of receptors are decreased after habitual use of a drug. causes physiological tolerance

Question 25

upregulation

Answer 25

form of regulation where the amount of NT or amount of receptors are increased over time while exposed to drugs

Question 26

physiological tolerance

Answer 26

tolerance to a specific time or situation due to classical conditioning (ie seeing needles signals the brain that a drug dosage is coming soon)

Question 27

sensitization

Answer 27

increased response to a drug after repeated exposure

Question 28

direct antagonist

Answer 28

blocks neurotransmitters from getting to receptors

Question 29

indirect antagonists

Answer 29

prevents NTs from getting to receptors to begin with. done through destroying vessicles or stopping its release