c14: psychopharmacology Flashcards
pharmacokinetics
study of how the body affects the drug
what is an example of pharmacokinetics
understanding how drugs are made inactive due to enzymes in the body
pharmacodynamics
how drugs affect the body
what is affinity of a drug
how well a drug binds to a receptor/transporter
what is efficacy of a drug
the actions of a drug after a drug affects a neuron and behavior. how it enters the body to begin with can influence the effect of a drug
what are the four routes of administration of drugs
- oral
- injection
- inhalation
- insulfation
explain oral administration
pills or liquid in the mouth. the most common, yet the medication isn’t super effective since it has to reach the stomach or intestine
explain injection administration
drug (liquid) is put into the veins, muscles, and/or skin
explain inhalation administration
a gas or vapor is inhaled, ie marijuana, tobacco, crack, and cocaine
explain insulfation administration
snorting a gas, powder, or powder
what are the two types of agonists in drugs? what what is an agonist?
direct agonist and indirect agonist. agonists help NTs bind to receptors
direct agonist
drug that binds and activates a receptor. mimics NTs or binds to another part of a receptor
indirect agonist
doesn’t bind to receptors directly, but helps NTs to bind through creating more NTs and more storage vesicles in the synapse
recreational drugs
drugs taken for the purpose of pleasure, stimulation, relaxation, or altered state of consciousness
substance abuse disorder (SUD)
using 1 or more drugs that can lead to harm of a person’s health, productivity, emotional state, or relationships
what is alcohol intoxication, what causes it, and what are the effects
alcohol poisoning and drunkness. causes vomitting, loss of consciousness, low blood sugar, seizures, and depressed breating
alcohol use disorder (AUD)
habitual use of alcohol, causing health and mental problems
korsakoff syndrome
neurological disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption. can cause dimentia
alcohol withdrawal syndrome
symptoms associated with stopping the consumption of alcohol. can be deadly
what are the 3 stages of alcohol withdrawal syndrome
stage 1: sweating, vomiting, agitation
stage 2: epileptic like seizures
stage 3: confusion, auditory and visual hallucinations
what NT does alcohol act like and why
GABA, GABA is increased which increases dopamine systems
teratogen
impacts fetus development. alcohol and tobacco would be considered teratogens
what NT does nicotine act like and why
acetylcholine, it binds to Ach receptors to impact the parasympathetic and sympathetic NS
metabolic tolerance
physiological tolerance where the liver and organs produce enzymes to eliminate drugs in the system
downregulation
form of regulation where the amount of NT made or amount of receptors are decreased after habitual use of a drug. causes physiological tolerance
upregulation
form of regulation where the amount of NT or amount of receptors are increased over time while exposed to drugs
physiological tolerance
tolerance to a specific time or situation due to classical conditioning (ie seeing needles signals the brain that a drug dosage is coming soon)
sensitization
increased response to a drug after repeated exposure
direct antagonist
blocks neurotransmitters from getting to receptors
indirect antagonists
prevents NTs from getting to receptors to begin with. done through destroying vessicles or stopping its release
