c12: emotions and stress Flashcards
what’s the difference between emotions and mood
emotions are short term, moods are long lasting
what influences emotions
experiences and genetics
james lange theory
we produce physiological responses to stimuli and interpret them (ex: bear > we see bear > heart beats fast > “My heart is beating. I’m scared”)
cannon-bard theory
recognition of emotional state happens in sync and independently from physiological responses (ex: bear > see bear > heart beats and the feeling of being scared)
schacter-singer theory
similar to james lange theory, but physiological reactions are interpreted differently depending on the context (bear in the wild > scared. bear in zoo > excited)
misattribution effect
a reaction to one experience that may cause an emotional reaction to an unrelated stimulus (men on swaying bridge study)
what are the different types of aggression
defensive and offensive. defensive for protecting territory, mates, etc. offensive for prey
what emotion causes anxiety disorders
fear
what part of the brain is involved in emotions
amygdala
what part of the brain is involved in regulation of emotions/stress
hypothalamus
how does the amygdala and hypothalamus work together
amygdala interprets stimuli, communicates to hypothalamus which creates NT’s in response
lateral nucleus of the amygdala
part of the amygdala involved in associative learning for fear response / fear learning
what does the central nucleus of the amygdala do
sends info to the brain in order to produce behaviors / emotional responses to fear
contextual fear conditioning
learning to fear things such as a cage depending on the context of a situation
stressor
events, experiences, or stimuli that put our body out of homeostasis, causing stress
physiological stressor example?
sickness or injury
psychological stressor example?
social situations, academics
allostasis
the body adjusts to it’s environment. a form of homeostasis
acute stress
stressors that quick (ex: hit by a car)
chronic stress
long lasting stressors
distress
forms of stressors that cause damage to the brain or body. can be linked to neurological disorders
eustress
stressors beneficial for the body (ie exercise)
what is the sympathetic medullary pathway (SAM)? what 3 parts of the brain are involved?
fight or flight pathway / response in the brain. includes the hypothalamus, medulla, and brainstem
what is the role of norepinephrine and epinephrine in stress / fear?
increase arousal and focus attention to threat
where does slow stress response release NTs (3 parts)
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex
how does the sympathetic nervous get system impacted by stressors
increased heart rate and blood pressure, opened airways, digestive system inhibited
what does hpa axis stand for? what is it involved in?
hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. involved in slow responses to stress
glucocorticoids.where are they released from
hormones like cortisol that are released from the adrenal gland
psychoneuroimmunology
a field in neuroscience involved in how experiences and stressors impact our immune system
what are some negative effects of chronic stress (3)
- suppressed immune system
- damage to blood vessels/heart
- impaired memory
what are some positive effects of chronic stress
improves adrenaline (ie watching a scary movie), increased heart rate for dangerous situations, remembering specific dangers
explain the impact of adverse childhood experiences
children with trauma early in life experience health issues in the future due to the chronic stress caused
electrodermal activity (EDA)
measure of sweat associated with stress and arousal
facial electromyography (EMG)
measure of facial expression associated with specific emotions
what is heart rate variability (HRV)? what level of variability indicates stress?
measure of variability in time between heart beats. less variability = stress/concentration
