c13: learning and memory Flashcards
non-associative learning
learning where behavior changes, but there are no associations made with the environment
habituation
decline in response to a stimulus that is not important
associative learning
stimuli are connected to a response
sensitization
increased response to a stimulus that is harmful
classical conditioning
pavlov’s dog. involves an unconditioned stimulus/response and a conditioned stimulus/response
operant conditioning
AKA instrumental conditioning. a learning procedure involving consequences / reward (+/- reinforcement)
sensory memory
memory that fade extremely quickly over time. in the moment
short term memory
lasts a few seconds or a minute
long term memory
short term memory that is converted into long term. lasts for days, months, or longer
episodic memory
memory of events
semantic memory
memory of facts, ideas, concepts
what parts of the brain is involved in episodic and semantic memory (2)
hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
retrograde amnesia
inability to remember past events
anterograde amnesia
inability to remember events that just happened. able to remember the past, but not anything after a disturbance in the brain (injury)
working memory
memory involved in problem solving
what lobe is involved in processing short term memory
frontal lobes
what lobe is involved in the processing of long term memory
temporal lobe
what is brain plasticity? how can this concept be applied to learning and memory
the ability for the brain to adapt. creates new neural connections in order to enforce memory
long term potentiation (LTP)
physical representation of learning where neurons activate together in order to and connect to enforce learning / memory
what are AMPA receptors? what is its function?
glutamate receptor that acts as an Na+ channel. involved in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) to help with memory consolidation
NMDA receptor
glutamate receptor that allows Na+ and Ca++ into the granule cells, enforcing long term memory
CREB
proteins that bind to DNA that cause transcription and creation of specific proteins
hebb’s rule
“neurons that fire together wire together.” enforces memory further
what is consolidation? what part of the brain is involved in this process?
the process of short term memory being converted to long term memory. hippocampus
what is long term depression? what happens in it?
the process of forgetting. the connection between neurons gets weaker and causes forgetting
spatial memory. what types of cells are important in this type of memory
memory of the environment. can be short / long term. involves place and grid cells
what are place cells
cells that play a role in spatial memory. only are activated in a specific location (ie home)
what are grid cells
cells in the hippocampus involved in spatial memory. activity is seen as a grid and helps with navigating space
