c13: learning and memory

Question 1

non-associative learning

Answer 1

learning where behavior changes, but there are no associations made with the environment

Question 2

habituation

Answer 2

decline in response to a stimulus that is not important

Question 3

associative learning

Answer 3

stimuli are connected to a response

Question 4

sensitization

Answer 4

increased response to a stimulus that is harmful

Question 5

classical conditioning

Answer 5

pavlov’s dog. involves an unconditioned stimulus/response and a conditioned stimulus/response

Question 6

operant conditioning

Answer 6

AKA instrumental conditioning. a learning procedure involving consequences / reward (+/- reinforcement)

Question 7

sensory memory

Answer 7

memory that fade extremely quickly over time. in the moment

Question 8

short term memory

Answer 8

lasts a few seconds or a minute

Question 9

long term memory

Answer 9

short term memory that is converted into long term. lasts for days, months, or longer

Question 10

episodic memory

Answer 10

memory of events

Question 11

semantic memory

Answer 11

memory of facts, ideas, concepts

Question 12

what parts of the brain is involved in episodic and semantic memory (2)

Answer 12

hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

Question 13

retrograde amnesia

Answer 13

inability to remember past events

Question 14

anterograde amnesia

Answer 14

inability to remember events that just happened. able to remember the past, but not anything after a disturbance in the brain (injury)

Question 15

working memory

Answer 15

memory involved in problem solving

Question 16

what lobe is involved in processing short term memory

Answer 16

frontal lobes

Question 17

what lobe is involved in the processing of long term memory

Answer 17

temporal lobe

Question 18

what is brain plasticity? how can this concept be applied to learning and memory

Answer 18

the ability for the brain to adapt. creates new neural connections in order to enforce memory

Question 19

long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 19

physical representation of learning where neurons activate together in order to and connect to enforce learning / memory

Question 20

what are AMPA receptors? what is its function?

Answer 20

glutamate receptor that acts as an Na+ channel. involved in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) to help with memory consolidation

Question 21

NMDA receptor

Answer 21

glutamate receptor that allows Na+ and Ca++ into the granule cells, enforcing long term memory

Question 22

CREB

Answer 22

proteins that bind to DNA that cause transcription and creation of specific proteins

Question 23

hebb’s rule

Answer 23

“neurons that fire together wire together.” enforces memory further

Question 24

what is consolidation? what part of the brain is involved in this process?

Answer 24

the process of short term memory being converted to long term memory. hippocampus

Question 25

what is long term depression? what happens in it?

Answer 25

the process of forgetting. the connection between neurons gets weaker and causes forgetting

Question 26

spatial memory. what types of cells are important in this type of memory

Answer 26

memory of the environment. can be short / long term. involves place and grid cells

Question 27

what are place cells

Answer 27

cells that play a role in spatial memory. only are activated in a specific location (ie home)

Question 28

what are grid cells

Answer 28

cells in the hippocampus involved in spatial memory. activity is seen as a grid and helps with navigating space