C13 - Equilibrium (PAPER 2) Flashcards
What is a reversible reaction
one where the reactants turn into products and the products turn into reactants
What symbol is used to show a reversible reaction
⇌
What is dynamic equilibrium
the point in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are the same, the amount of reactants and products are equal
What are the three conditions that can affect dynamic equilibrium
temperature, pressure, concentration
What changes the ratio of reactants : products in dynamic equilibrium
external conditions
What is Le Châtelier’s principle
the position of equilibrium will shift to oppose external changes
What is the effect of increasing the concentration of the product (Equilibrium)
favours the reverse reaction - more reactant and less product
What is the effect of decreasing the concentration of the product (Equilibrium)
favours the reverse reaction - more reactant and less product
What is the effect of decreasing the concentration of the reactant (Equilibrium)
favours the reverse reaction - more reactant and less product
What is the effect of increasing the concentration of the reactant (Equilibrium)
favours the forward reaction - less reactant and more product
What is the effect of increasing the temperature of the surroundings (Equilibrium)
favours the endothermic reaction - reaction decreases temperature of the surroundings
What is the effect of decrease the temperature of the surroundings (Equilibrium)
favours the exothermic reaction - reaction increases temperature of the surroundings
What does the effect of changing the temperature in the surroundings depend on (Equilibrium)
which reaction is endothermic and exothermic
What does the effect of changing the pressure depend on (Equilibrium)
which side of the reaction has more molecules of gas
What is the effect of increasing the pressure (Equilibrium)
favours the reaction that results in fewer molecules - decreasing the number of molecules in the vessel opposes the change
