C12: Coordination and Response

Question 1

how synapse transmitted

Answer 1

• electric impulse reach synaptic knob
• synaptic vesicle are stimulated
• neurotransmitter is released into synapse
• diffuse through the synapse
• bind with the specific receptor protein on the dendrite of receiving neurone
• neurotransmitter and receptor combine to initiate a new impulse
• thus nerve impulse is transmitted

Question 2

brain disease that cause an individual unable to concentrate

Answer 2

Attention deficiency hyperactive disease (ADHD)

Question 3

a disease caused by deterioration or death of motor neurone

Answer 3

Lou Gehrig // Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Question 4

brain paralyse （ cerebral palsy)

Answer 4

• cause by damage of brain before and after the baby is born // 3-5 year old child
• cause failure of muscle
• abnormal motor neurone

Question 5

autism

Answer 5

• problem in developing of nerve in brain

- difficulty to communicate or interact with others

Question 6

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 6

• shrinkage of nervous system
• cause tremors in limb, jaw and foot
• difficulty to maintain body posture and balance

Question 7

Epilepsy

Answer 7

• abnormality of activities of certain part of brain
• nerve cells produce unusual signal
• may cause unconscious and muscle spasms

Question 8

multiple sclerosis

Answer 8

• abnormal immune system attack myelin sheath

- prevent transmission of impulse from and to brain

Question 9

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 9

• loss of ability to reason and take care of oneself
• will become forgetful and confused
• may lose ability to walk and talk

Question 10

2 posterior of pituitary gland and function

Answer 10

ADH ( anti diuretic hormone)
- to reduce the production of urea

Oxytoxin

• stimulate contraction of uterine muscle during birth
• stimulate production of breastmilk

Question 11

5 anterior of pituitary gland

Answer 11

• LH (luteinizing hormone)
• GH (growth hormone)
• FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
• ACTH ( adrenocorticotropic hormone)
• TSH ( thyroid-stimulating hormone)

Question 12

function of LH

Answer 12

• stimulate ovulation
• development corpus luteum
• secretion testosterone
• secretion progesterone and oestrogen

Question 13

function of FSH

Answer 13

• development of follicle in ovary

- stimulate spermatogenesis

Question 14

function of GH

Answer 14

• stimulate growth
• synthesise protein
• stimulate fat metabolism

Question 15

function of TSH

Answer 15

stimulate thyroid to secrete thyroxine

Question 16

function of ACTH

Answer 16

stimulate adrenal gland to secrete adrenaline and aldosterone

Question 17

GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone)

Answer 17

• secrete by hypothalamus

- stimulate secrete of LH and FSH

Question 18

what is stimulating hormone

examples

Answer 18

• hormone that regulate the secretion of other hormones

Exp. TSH and ACTH

Question 19

’ Fight or flight ‘ situation

Answer 19

• stimulated by adrenal gland
• increase in concentration of adrenalin in blood plasma will trigger a series of responses
• rate of metabolism increase
• cell respiratory rate increase
• more glycogen storage are converted into glucose for glucose oxidation of cell to generate ATP
• cardiac muscle contract and relax in faster rate
• heartbeat increase
• respiratory organs (diaphragm and intercoastal muscle) contract and relax at faster rate
• this increase the ventilation rate and breathing rate
• more oxygen is inhale and CO2 is expelled quickly
• vasodilation occurs in blood vessel to transport blood to skeletal muscles in legs
• more oxygen and glucose is transported to leg muscles
• vasoconstriction occurs in blood vessel in digestive system to allocate more blood supply to other organs involved in fight and flight situation