C1.2 Flashcards
What igneous rocks?
Formed when molten magma or lava are cooled.
Extrusive igneous rock solidifies on the surface of the earth quickly and has small crystals.
Example: Basalt
Intrusive igneous rock solidifies underground slowly and has large crystals.
Example: Granite
What are sedimentary rocks?
When sediment settles on the ocean floor. Over long period of time their are added layers and the pressure causes it to harden. Fossils are formed in sedimentary rocks.
example: chalk and limestone
What are metamorphic rocks?
Forms when sedimentary rock has come under heat and pressure underground. It makes the arrangement of the crystals change.
Example: marble
What’s present in chalk limestone and marble?
calcium carbonate
What can limestone make?
glass, concrete and cement
Disadvantages of quarrying?
Damages habitats, noisy and creates dust, transporting it contributes to traffic jams
Advantages of quarrying?
Creates jobs, helps local and national economy
How can we prevent disadvantages?
Restrict size of quarry, use water spray to minimize dust.
What does thermal decomposition mean?
Chemical breaks down into more than one substance when heated.
What does calcium carbonate decompose into?
Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
What is the basic equation for thermal decomposition?
Metal carbonate –> metal oxide + carbon dioxide
What is a precipitation reaction?
When two dissolved chemicals react to make a solid.
What happens when calcium oxide reacts with water?
It forms calcium hydroxide
Explain Limestone cycle?
Calcium carbonate is thermally decomposed to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
Then add water to Calcium oxide to get calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)
Then dissolve in water to get calcium hydroxide solution (limewater)
Then bubble carbon dioxide into it to get calcium carbonate (limestone)
