C1 Periodic Table Flashcards
Do metal ions lose or gain electrons?
Metal ions lose electrons and become positive
Do non-metal ions lose or gain electrons?
Non metal ions gain electrons and become negative
What has happened for an atom to become an ion?
When an atom becomes an ion it has either lost or gained an electron
How do you work out the number of electrons in an ion?
The symbol/s next to the ion shows weather the atom has lost or gained electrons. Whatever this number/symbol is you add/take away from the number of electrons.
What is the difference between Newlands periodic table and the modern periodic table?
Newlands Periodic Table:
Each period has 7 elements
Metals and non metals are mixed together
Some elements are in different groups eg Oxygen group 7
It is ordered by atomic mass
Fewer elements
There is no group 8, no noble gasses
Noble gasses haven’t been discovered yet
Modern Periodic Table:
Periods can have different amounts of elements in them
Metals and nonmetals are separate
Oxygen is in group 6
Ordered by atomic number
Group 8 included
Who created the modern periodic table?
Mendeleev
How did mendeleev arrange the elements in the periodic table?
He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weight and grouped elements that had similar properties. He also left gaps for elements that hadn’t been discovered yet.
Why were there gaps in the periodic table?
There were gaps for elements that hadn’t been discovered yet.
What predictions could be made about the gaps in the periodic table?
You could predict its: atomic weight, weather its a metal or nonmetal, melting point
What properties do metals have?
Hard, stong, good at conducting heat, good at conducting electricity, shiny, ductile, malleable, sonorous, high melting point, mostly solid and room temperature.
What properties do nonmetals have?
Soft, brittle, low melting point, mostly liquid or gas at room temperature, dull
Why is copper good for making wires?
Copper is used to make electrical wires because they can be easily bent into the correct shape because metals are ductile. They also conduct electricity well so this makes copper good for a wire.
What are the Trend in Group 8 elements
Density increases as you go down the group because the atoms become larger as they gain more protons and neutrons
Boiling point increases as you go down the group because the atoms get bigger so there are stronger intermolecular forces which means there is more energy required to overcome forces
Trends in group 1 metals
Density decreases as you go down the group
Hardness decreases as you go down the group
Reactivity increases as you go down the group
What forms when Lithium reacts with oxygen
Lithium oxide
What forms when Lithium reacts with chlorine
Lithium chloride
What forms when Lithium reacts with water
Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
What are electrons attracted to?
Electrons are negative they are attracted to the positive part of the atom, the nucleus
What are electrons held in place by?
Electrons are held in place with electrostatic attractions between negative electrons and the positive protons in the nucleus
What is electrostatic?
the attraction between the negative electrons the outer shells and the positive protons in the nucleus
When group 1 metals react, they lose electrons this means:
there are more electron shells
the outer electron is further away from positive nucleus
The electrostatic attraction is weaker
The electron is lost more easily
Which is more reactive, potassium or lithium?
Potassium is more reactive than lithium.
Potassium has more shells of electrons than lithium.
This means there’s more shielding between the positive nucleus and the negative electron in potassium’s outer shell.
There is weaker electrostatic attraction between the positive nucleus and negative electron in the outer shell.
This makes it easier for potassium to lose an electron than lithium.
What are the properties of group 7?
Low melting points
Diatomic molecules
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Darker as you move down the group
What are the trends of group 7?
Melting point increases down the group
Reactivity decreases down the group
When group 7 metals react, they gain electrons this means:
More electron shells
Outer electron is further away from positive nucleus
The electrostatic attraction is weaker
Harder to gain an electron
What are the halogens?
group 7
complete equation:
Metal + halogen →
metal halide
What is displacement?
Displacement is where a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound.
Fluorine + lithium bromide →
Bromine + lithium fluoride
Chlorine + sodium fluoride →
NO REACTION
Potassium bromide + chlorine →
Potassium chloride + bromine
how do you work out a displacement equation?
1) work out which element in group 7 is more reactive (tip reactivity decreases as you go down the group)
2) if the element that is on its own is more reactive, it will replace the other element in the second part of the equation
3) the one that was on its own in the first part of the equation becomes ‘IDE’ in the second part of the equation
What is an example of an alkali metal?
Sodium, potassium, lithium
What is an example of a halogen
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine
