C1 Atoms, Elements, Compounds Flashcards
what is the smallest particle?
atom
what is two or more atoms joined together?
molecule
what is a substance made up of only one type
of atom?
element
what is two or more different elements
chemically joined together?
compound
what is two or more different substances that can be easily separated?
mixture
what is the top nmber on the periodic table?
Atomic mass number
what is the atomic mass nuber equal to?
protons + neutrons
what is the bottom number in the periodic table?
Atomic/proton number
what is the Atomic/proton number equal to?
protons and electrons
where are metals located on the periodic table?
on the middle and left hand side of the periodic table
where are the non metals located on the periodic table?
on the right hand side
if you had sandy water, describe how you
would get the sand on its own after filtering
Place the wet sand in a warm oven to dry completely.
Explain how you know carbon dioxide (CO2) is a
compound.
Carbon dioxide is a compound because it contains
two different types of element that are chemically
bonded together.
what is filtration used to separate?
Used to separate insoluble solid from solvent
what is Chromatography used to separate?
Used to separate and identify different substances in a solution
what is Simple distillation used to separate?
Used to separate a solid from liquid and keep the solvent
what is Fractional distillation used to separate?
Separates liquids due to their different boiling points
what is Crystallisation used to separate?
Removes a soluble solid from a solvent
Describe how the you could get a sample of pure sodium chloride from the rock salt.
1) Add water to the rock salt
2) Stir and warm it so that the salt dissolves
3) Filter the mixture using filter paper to separate the sand and leave the salt water as filtrate
4) Leave the sand in a warm oven to fully dry out
5) Heat the filtrate (salty water) in an evaporating dish using a Bunsen burner
6) Stop heating once crystals begin to form
7) Leave in a warm place until the water fully evaporates leaving salt crystals
what is the relative mass of a proton
1
what is the relative mass of a electron
Negligible
what is the relative mass of a neutron
1
what is the relative charge of proton
1+
what is the relative charge of a electron
1-
what is the relative charge of neutron
neutral
where is the nucleus in an atom?
in the center
where is the electrons in an atom?
they orbit the atom
where is the protons in an atom?
in the nucleus at the center
where is the neutrons in an atom?
in the nucleus (center)
what was john daltons model of the atom?
1803
Said all matter made from tiny particles called atoms
Said that atoms cannot be divided
what was jj thompsons model of the atom?
1897
‘Plum pudding model’
Atom is ball of positive charge with electrons embedded
DISCOVERED ELECTRON
what was earnest rutherfords model of the atom?
1905
Gold foil experiment
Directed a beam of ‘alpha particles’ at a very thin gold leaf suspended in a vacuum.
Most alpha particles went straight through
Some went bounced off at angles
Atom is mostly empty space
Positive charge must be in very small part of atom
DISCOVERED NUCLEUS
what was neils bohrs model of the atom?
1913
Suggested that the electrons orbited the nucleus in different energy levels or at specific distances from the nucleus
DISCOVERED ELECTRON SHELLS
what was james chadwicks model of the atom?
1932
Said that nucleus must contain neutral particle to add up to mass
DISCOVERED NEUTRON
what are isotopes?
Isotopes are forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
how do you calculate relative atomic mass of an isotope?
(percentage of element x protons/electrons) + (percentage of element x protons/electrons) divided by 100
The periodic table states that the Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) of Boron is 11
Boron has two naturally occurring isotopes.
80% of all Boron is B11 (6 neutrons)
20% of all Boron is B10 (5 Neutrons)
Calculate the average relative atomic mass of Boron.
(80 x 11) + (20 x 10) divided by 100 = 10.8
What charge do alpha particles have?
Alpha particles are positive
what is happening to the alpha particles in the gold foil experiment?
Some alpha particles go straight through. Some are deflected.
What does the plum pudding model say?
The plum pudding model says that the atom is a sphere of positive charge.
What would happen if the plum pudding model were true?
All of the alpha particles would go straight through in the gold foil experiment
what does the gold foil experiment tell us about atoms?
That atoms are mostly empty space with a dense positive centre of the atom (nucleus)
how do you draw the electronic structure?
1) look at the nuber of protons (bottom number)
2) the first shell can only have 2 electron in its ouer shell, the second can have 8. If the element has more than 2 protons then make a second shell.
draw the electronic structure for sodium?
2.8.1
draw the electronic structure for florine?
2.7
how can sodium have a full outer shell?
by becoming an ion
when an electron gets added to an element to have a full outer shell what charge does the ion have?
1-
when an electron gets removed to an element to have a full outer shell what charge does the ion have?
1+
Draw the electronic structure and ion of lithium
.
Draw the electronic structure and ion of magnesium?
.
