C1 Oil, alkanes and fuels Flashcards

1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What is a mixture?

A

2 or more substances mixed but not chemically bonded together

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3
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Compound made from only carbon and hydrogen

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5
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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6
Q

Draw a methane molecule.

A
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7
Q

Draw an ethane molecule.

A
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8
Q

Give the formula for a propane molecule.

A

C3H8

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9
Q

Name C4H10.

A

Butane

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10
Q

What does the line in between C-C in a molecule show?

A

Covalent bond, a shared pair of electrons

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11
Q

What method is used to separate crude oil?

A

Fractional distillation

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12
Q

Describe how fractional distillation works?

A

Crude oil is heated to evaporate and then the different fractions are condensed because of their different boiling points

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13
Q

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the boiling point?

A

It increases

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14
Q

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the viscosity?

A

It increases, gets more sticky

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15
Q

As the number of carbons increase in an alkane what happens to the flammability?

A

Gets less flammable

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16
Q

As the temperature of oil increases what happens to the viscosity?

A

Gets less viscous, more runny

17
Q

What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

18
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

A

Carbon monoxide and carbon (soot)

19
Q

If crude oil contains some sulfur what combustion product will be made?

A

Sulfur dioxide

20
Q

In combustion are carbon and hydrocarbon oxidised or reduced?

A

Oxidised as oxygen is added

21
Q

High temperatures may cause oxides of nitrogen what type of pollution is caused by the oxides of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide?

A

Acid rain

22
Q

What effect does this pollution have on the environment?

A

Weathering of rocks and buildings, and changes acidity of the soil

23
Q

Carbon dioxide causes what type of pollution?

A

Global warming

24
Q

Solid particles (soot or unburnt fuel) causes what type of pollution?

A

Global dimming

25
Q

Give 2 ways sulfur dioxide can be reduced?

A

Removing sulfur before burning of the fuel and removal of sulfur dioxide after burning

26
Q

What are biodiesel and bioethanol made from?

A

Plants

27
Q

Give two advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as an alternative fuel.

A

Made from water and renewable

Storing is expensive and flammable

28
Q

Give two advantages and disadvantages of using bioethanol as an alternative fuel.

A

Renewable and doesn’t produce toxic fumes

Need to have the climate to grow sugar cane and it uses lot of fields that could be used for food

29
Q

Why is bioethanol described as carbon neutral?

A

The carbon dioxide given out when burnt is the carbon dioxide taken in during photosynthesis of the plants

30
Q

What are products of combustion hydrogen?

A

Water