C1 Extracting metals and Alloys Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock from which it is economical viable to extract the metal

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2
Q

Give 1 reason why the economics of extracting from ores can change?

A

If the price of the metal changes then its extraction can become more or less cost effective

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3
Q

Give 5 ways mining ores has an impact.

A

Dust

Noise

Increased traffic

Eyesore

Increase in jobs

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4
Q

Why is Gold found in the ground as an element?

A

Low reactivity

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5
Q

How is iron extracted from its ore?

A

Using carbon in the blast furnace

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6
Q

What type of reaction is used to extracted iron from its ore?

A

Reduction

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7
Q

Give a word equation for this reaction.

A

Iron oxide + Carbon → Iron + carbon dioxide

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8
Q

Give a symbol equation for this reaction.

A

2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2

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9
Q

Why is the extraction of iron possible?

A

Carbon is more reactive than iron

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10
Q

How is aluminium extracted from its ore?

A

electrolysis

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11
Q

Why is the extraction of aluminium not the same as iron?

A

Aluminium is more reactive than carbon

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12
Q

Give 2 reasons why the extraction of aluminium is expensive.

A

Energy needed to melt the aluminium oxide, electricity needed for the electrolysis

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13
Q

How is copper extracted from copper-rich ores?

A

Smelting

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14
Q

How is copper purified?

A

Electrolysis

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15
Q

What other method can be used to extract copper from solutions of copper salts?

A

Displacement

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16
Q

New methods of extracting copper are being researched, why?

A

Running out of high grade ores

17
Q

What is Bioleaching?

A

Bioleaching uses bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds

18
Q

What is Phytomining?

A

Phytomining uses plants to absorb metals compounds. The plants are burned to make ash.

19
Q

Give 3 reasons why we should recycle metals?

A

Less energy is needed

Less harmful emissions like sulphur dioxide

Metals are a limited resource

20
Q

How much iron is found in iron from the blast furnace?

A

96%

21
Q

What effect do the impurities in the metal have on the properties and uses?

A

Makes the metal harder

22
Q

Why is pure iron not used?

A

Too soft

23
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Mixture of metals

24
Q

Compare the structure of a pure metal and an alloy.

A

Pure metals is softer and more malleable and ductile since the layers slide over each other. In an alloy the additional elements stop the layers sliding and make it harder

25
Q

What is steel?

A

Iron mixed with carbon and sometimes other metals

26
Q

Give 1 property and use of low-carbon steel.

A

Easily shaped used for car bodies

27
Q

Give 1 property and use of high-carbon steel.

A

Brittle but hard used for drill bits

28
Q

Give 1 property and use of stainless steel.

A

Resistant to corrosion used in cutlery

29
Q

What type of metals are copper and iron?

A

Transition metals

30
Q

Give 3 properties of these types of metals.

A

Conduct electricity and heat, malleable and ductile

31
Q

Give 2 uses of copper.

A

Electrical wires, pipes

32
Q

Give 2 properties of Aluminium and Titanium that make them useful.

A

Low density and resistant to corrosion