C1 Group 1 Elements (page 108) Flashcards
Group 1 elements are known as what metals?
Alkali Metals
(they are reactive)
Are Group 1 elements reactive soft metals?
yes
What are the Alkali Metals?
Lthium
Sodium
Potassium
rubidium
caesium
francium
How many electrons do group 1 elements have, in their outer shell and what do this mean?
They have ONE electron in their outer shell, this makes them VERY REACTIVE and gives them similar properties
Are Alkali Metals soft or hard?
they are all soft and have low density
(low density means if the particles are loosely packed together with plenty of space between them, it will have a low density and will be able to float)
What are the trends for the alkali metals as you go down Group ONE?
Increasing reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases, because the electron is further away from the nucleus and further down the group you go.
Lower melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass
Alkali Metals form Ionic compounds with Metals or Non-Metals?
with Non-Metals
The Group ONE elements don’t need much energy to lose their one outer electron to form a full outer shell, so what do they readily form?
1+ ions
Its so easy for them to lose their outer electron, that they only ever react to form Ionic compounds.
What are Ionic Compounds?
Ionic compounds are neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions.
these compounds are generally white solids that dissolve in water to form colourless solutuions
When Group 1 metals are put in water what happens?
they react very vigorously
(vigorously means with intense energy/force)
The more reactive (lower down the group), an alkali metal reacts how with water?
the reaction is more violent the lower down the periodic table
How do group 1 metals, Litium, Sodium and Potassium react in water? and what do they produce?
Lithium, sodium and potassium float and move around the surface, fizzing furiously.
They produce Hydrogen. The amount of energy given out when they react, increases down the group.
For potassium and below in the group 1 metals, when added to water what happens?
For postassium and below in the group, there’s enough energy to ignite Hydrogen.
They also form Hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutuions
2Na(s) + 2H0(l) »_space;»»> 2Na0H(aq) + H2(g)
sodium + water »_space;»»> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
the other group one metals react with water in a similar way.
Group 1 metals reaction with water produces what?
Hydrogen Gas
Group 1 metals reaction with Chlorine produces what?
Salt
Group 1 metals react vigorously when heated in Chlorine Gas, this forms what?
White salts called Metal Chlorides
As you go down group 1 what reactions happen when the metals are heated in Chlorine Gas?
As you go down the group, reactivity increases so the reaction with Chlorine gets more vigorous
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) »_space;»»» 2NaCl(s)
sodium + Chlorine»_space;»»» sodium chloride
The Group 1 Metals can react with Oxygen to form what?
Metal Oxide
(different types of oxide will form depending on the group 1 metal)
What happens with Oxygen with Group metals?
The reactions with oxygen are why group 1 metals tarnish in the air - the metal reacts with oxgen in the air to form a dull metal oxide layer
what are oxides?
eg’ hydrogen oxide, nitrogen oxide, chlorine oxide etc
An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxyden atom and one other element in its chemical formula.
when Lithium react with oxygen what do this form?
Lithium Oxide (Li2O)
When Sodium reacts with oxygen it forms what?
Sodium reacts to form a mixture of Sodium Oxide (Na2O) and Sodium Perioxide (Na2O2)
When Potassium reacts with Oxygen, what do this form?
a mixture of Potassium Peroxide (K2O2) and Potassium superoxide (KO2)
Reactions with Alkali metals need safety precautions, why?
hey fizz in water and might explode
Write a word equation for the reaction between lithium and water?
Lithium + Water »_space;»»»» Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
Explain the trend in reactivity as you go down Group 1?
As you go further down the group the outer electron is further away from the nucleus. (1 mark)
This means the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases so is more easily removed resulting in an increase in reactivity (1 mark)
