C1 Group 1 Elements (page 108)

Question 1

Group 1 elements are known as what metals?

Answer 1

Alkali Metals

(they are reactive)

Question 2

Are Group 1 elements reactive soft metals?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

What are the Alkali Metals?

Answer 3

Lthium
Sodium
Potassium
rubidium
caesium
francium

Question 4

How many electrons do group 1 elements have, in their outer shell and what do this mean?

Answer 4

They have ONE electron in their outer shell, this makes them VERY REACTIVE and gives them similar properties

Question 5

Are Alkali Metals soft or hard?

Answer 5

they are all soft and have low density

(low density means if the particles are loosely packed together with plenty of space between them, it will have a low density and will be able to float)

Question 6

What are the trends for the alkali metals as you go down Group ONE?

Answer 6

Increasing reactivity - the outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases, because the electron is further away from the nucleus and further down the group you go.

Lower melting and boiling points

Higher relative atomic mass

Question 7

Alkali Metals form Ionic compounds with Metals or Non-Metals?

Answer 7

with Non-Metals

Question 8

The Group ONE elements don’t need much energy to lose their one outer electron to form a full outer shell, so what do they readily form?

Answer 8

1+ ions

Its so easy for them to lose their outer electron, that they only ever react to form Ionic compounds.

Question 9

What are Ionic Compounds?

Answer 9

Ionic compounds are neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions.

these compounds are generally white solids that dissolve in water to form colourless solutuions

Question 10

When Group 1 metals are put in water what happens?

Answer 10

they react very vigorously

(vigorously means with intense energy/force)

Question 11

The more reactive (lower down the group), an alkali metal reacts how with water?

Answer 11

the reaction is more violent the lower down the periodic table

Question 12

How do group 1 metals, Litium, Sodium and Potassium react in water? and what do they produce?

Answer 12

Lithium, sodium and potassium float and move around the surface, fizzing furiously.

They produce Hydrogen. The amount of energy given out when they react, increases down the group.

Question 13

For potassium and below in the group 1 metals, when added to water what happens?

Answer 13

For postassium and below in the group, there’s enough energy to ignite Hydrogen.

They also form Hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutuions

2Na(s) + 2H0(l) &raquo_space;»»> 2Na0H(aq) + H2(g)
sodium + water &raquo_space;»»> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

the other group one metals react with water in a similar way.

Question 14

Group 1 metals reaction with water produces what?

Answer 14

Hydrogen Gas

Question 15

Group 1 metals reaction with Chlorine produces what?

Answer 15

Salt

Question 16

Group 1 metals react vigorously when heated in Chlorine Gas, this forms what?

Answer 16

White salts called Metal Chlorides

Question 17

As you go down group 1 what reactions happen when the metals are heated in Chlorine Gas?

Answer 17

As you go down the group, reactivity increases so the reaction with Chlorine gets more vigorous

2Na(s) + Cl2(g) &raquo_space;»»» 2NaCl(s)
sodium + Chlorine&raquo_space;»»» sodium chloride

Question 18

The Group 1 Metals can react with Oxygen to form what?

Answer 18

Metal Oxide

(different types of oxide will form depending on the group 1 metal)

Question 19

What happens with Oxygen with Group metals?

Answer 19

The reactions with oxygen are why group 1 metals tarnish in the air - the metal reacts with oxgen in the air to form a dull metal oxide layer

Question 20

what are oxides?

eg’ hydrogen oxide, nitrogen oxide, chlorine oxide etc

Answer 20

An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxyden atom and one other element in its chemical formula.

Question 21

when Lithium react with oxygen what do this form?

Answer 21

Lithium Oxide (Li2O)

Question 22

When Sodium reacts with oxygen it forms what?

Answer 22

Sodium reacts to form a mixture of Sodium Oxide (Na2O) and Sodium Perioxide (Na2O2)

Question 23

When Potassium reacts with Oxygen, what do this form?

Answer 23

a mixture of Potassium Peroxide (K2O2) and Potassium superoxide (KO2)

Question 24

Reactions with Alkali metals need safety precautions, why?

Answer 24

hey fizz in water and might explode

Question 25

Write a word equation for the reaction between lithium and water?

Answer 25

Lithium + Water &raquo_space;»»»» Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 26

Explain the trend in reactivity as you go down Group 1?

Answer 26

As you go further down the group the outer electron is further away from the nucleus. (1 mark)

This means the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases so is more easily removed resulting in an increase in reactivity (1 mark)