C1 Atoms (page 96) Flashcards
All substances are made up of what?
Atoms
They are really tiny - too small to see even with a microscope.
What does Atoms contain?
Protons, Newtrons and Electrons
What size radius does Atoms have?
About 0.1 nanometeres (that is x 1 x 10 -(small-10m)
What is in the middle of the Atom?
The Nucleus
What do the Nucleus contain inside an Atom?
It contains Protons and Neutrons.
What size radius does the Necleus have inside an Atom?
The necleus has a radius of around 1 x 10-14(small 14)m, that is 1/10 000 of the radius of an atom.
Why does the Nucleus of an atom have a positive charge?
Because of the protons.
Almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the what?
The Nucleus.
What do Electrons do around the Nucleus?
They move around the Nucleus in the electron shells
What charge does Electrons have? (positive or negative)
They are negatively charged and tiny, and they cover a lot of space.
The volume of the Electrons orbit, dertermines the size of what?
The size of the Atom
Does Electrons have a mass, or no mass?
They virtually have no mass.
Explain what Protons are?
They are heavy and positively charged
Explain what Neutrons are?
They are heavy and neutral
Explain what Electrons are?
Tiny and negatively charged
What Relative Mass does a Proton have, and its charge?
Proton has Relative Mass 1, and +1 Charge
What Relative Mass does a Neutron have, and its charge?
Neutron has Relative Mass of 1, and 0 charge
What Relative Mass does Electron have, and its charge?
Relative Mass is ‘very small’, and has -1 Charge.
(Electron mass is often taken as zero)
Atoms are ‘Neutral’, what do this mean?
they have ‘NO CHARGE’ overall, (unlike ions)
What do it mean if Atoms are Neutral?
they have the same number of protons as electrons
Why would a charge be cancelled out on the same number of Electrons and Protons?
If the charge on the electrons is the same size as the charge on the protons, but they are opposite - so the charges cancel out.
What is an Ion?
An Ion is an Atom, or group or Atoms that has lost of gained electrons. (A charged particle)
Finish the sentence…….
The number of Protons, equals……..
The Number of Electrons
Atomic Number and Mass Number, describes what?
An Atom
The Nuclear symbol of an Atom, tells you what?
Its Atomic (proton) number and mass number.
What does the Atomic number tell you?
It tells you how many protons there are in an Atom
What does The Mass Number tell you?
it tells you the total number of Protons and Neutrons in the atom.
How do you work out how many Neutrons are in an Atom?
Just subtract the Atomic Number from the Mass Number
An Atom of Gallium has an atomic number of 31 and a Mass number of 70. Give the number of Electrons, Protons and Neutrons in the Atom?
Protons = Atomic numer = 31
Electrons = Protons = 31
Neutrons = Mass number - atomic number = 70 -31 = 39
