C1 - Cognitive Approach - AO1 Key Terms Flashcards
Computer Analogy
One of the assumptions of the cognitive approach that compares the human mind with a computer.
Input
How we take information into our brains
Process
How we change and store information in our brains
Output
How we recall information when necessary
Multistore model
Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin who believed information is input through the senses, processed through short-term memory into long-term memory and then output when required.
Internal mental processes
One of the assumptions of the cognitive approach that sees human beings as information processors where essential functions all work together to make sense of, and respond to, the world around us.
Perception
the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses
Attention
notice taken of someone or something; the regarding of someone or something as interesting or important
Memory
the faculty by which the mind stores and retains information
Language
the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.
Introspection
A technique developed by Wundt in which people report on how a stimulus makes them feel.
Schemas
An assumption of the cognitive approach that proposes these are packets/folders of information that are built up through experience, and stored in our long-term memory.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Works by helping people change their negative thought patterns as well as their behaviour
The cognitive element
The therapist works with the client to help them identify negative thoughts that are contributing to their problems.
The behavioural element
The therapist encourages the client to engage in reality testing either during the session or as a homework to help change their actions.
Dysfunctional thought diary
Clients are asked to keep a record of the events leading up to any unpleasant emotions experienced, along with the thoughts associated with these events and then rate how much they believe these thoughts before rationally analysing these thoughts.
Cognitive restructuring
A collaborative process where the therapist and client work together to identify and change negative thought patterns.
Pleasant activity scheduling
This technique involves asking the client to plan something each day that gives them a sense of accomplishment or enjoyment.
Behavioural activation
Engaging in pleasant activities will induce more positive emotions, and will start to change their behaviour
The cognitive triad
Beck believed that depressed people have unrealistic thoughts about themselves, the world and the future.
