C1 - Cognitive Approach - AO1 Key Terms

Question 1

Computer Analogy

Answer 1

One of the assumptions of the cognitive approach that compares the human mind with a computer.

Question 2

Input

Answer 2

How we take information into our brains

Question 3

Process

Answer 3

How we change and store information in our brains

Question 4

Output

Answer 4

How we recall information when necessary

Question 5

Multistore model

Answer 5

Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin who believed information is input through the senses, processed through short-term memory into long-term memory and then output when required.

Question 6

Internal mental processes

Answer 6

One of the assumptions of the cognitive approach that sees human beings as information processors where essential functions all work together to make sense of, and respond to, the world around us.

Question 7

Perception

Answer 7

the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses

Question 8

Attention

Answer 8

notice taken of someone or something; the regarding of someone or something as interesting or important

Question 9

Memory

Answer 9

the faculty by which the mind stores and retains information

Question 10

Language

Answer 10

the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.

Question 11

Introspection

Answer 11

A technique developed by Wundt in which people report on how a stimulus makes them feel.

Question 12

Schemas

Answer 12

An assumption of the cognitive approach that proposes these are packets/folders of information that are built up through experience, and stored in our long-term memory.

Question 13

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Answer 13

Works by helping people change their negative thought patterns as well as their behaviour

Question 14

The cognitive element

Answer 14

The therapist works with the client to help them identify negative thoughts that are contributing to their problems.

Question 15

The behavioural element

Answer 15

The therapist encourages the client to engage in reality testing either during the session or as a homework to help change their actions.

Question 16

Dysfunctional thought diary

Answer 16

Clients are asked to keep a record of the events leading up to any unpleasant emotions experienced, along with the thoughts associated with these events and then rate how much they believe these thoughts before rationally analysing these thoughts.

Question 17

Cognitive restructuring

Answer 17

A collaborative process where the therapist and client work together to identify and change negative thought patterns.

Question 18

Pleasant activity scheduling

Answer 18

This technique involves asking the client to plan something each day that gives them a sense of accomplishment or enjoyment.

Question 19

Behavioural activation

Answer 19

Engaging in pleasant activities will induce more positive emotions, and will start to change their behaviour

Question 20

The cognitive triad

Answer 20

Beck believed that depressed people have unrealistic thoughts about themselves, the world and the future.