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Biomass > C1 Biomass Feedstock > Flashcards

C1 Biomass Feedstock Flashcards

1
Q

source of biomass

A
  • forestry crops&residue
  • agriculture crops&residue
  • sewage
  • animal residue
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2
Q

example biomass

A
  • palm oil empty fruit branch
  • sugarcane bagasses
  • bamboo
  • wooden debris
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3
Q

2D classification of biomass fuel

A
  1. biological origin of biomass
  2. biomass production condition
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4
Q

physiochemical properties

5 properties

A
  1. biochemical composition
  2. moisture content
  3. mineral matter content
  4. organic matter ( CHNSO)
  5. physical properties
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5
Q

biochemical composition type

2 type

A
  1. woody feedstock
  2. non-woody feedstock
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6
Q

woody feedstock main constituent

3 constituent

A
  1. cellulose (major)
  2. hemicellulose
  3. lignin
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7
Q

cellulose

A
  • much of mechanical strenght of cell wall
  • most inner layer in cell wall
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8
Q

hemicellulose

A

“glue” that connect cellulose & lignin

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9
Q

lignin

A
  • protect from physical and chemical (very hydrophobic) attack
  • the most outer layer cell wall
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10
Q

biopolymer (cellulose,hemicellulose&lignin)

proportion biopolymers depend on

A
  1. biomass type
  2. ecosystem type
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11
Q

non woody feedstock constituent

3 constituent

A
  1. saccharide(most)
  2. lipid
  3. protein
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12
Q

saccharide

A
  • monosaccharide (glucose, galactose, fructose)
  • disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
  • polysaccharides (starch, glycogen)
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13
Q

moisture content types

2 types

it determine applicability of specific biomass

A
  1. intrinsic
  2. extrinsic
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14
Q

intrinsic

A

plant naturally contain

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15
Q

extrinsic

A

plant absorb from weather during harvesting and storage

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16
Q

moisture content processing

2 ways

A
  1. biochemical
  2. thermal
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17
Q

biochemical

A

fermentation & digestion process
favour high moisture

18
Q

thermal

A

combustion,gasification,pyrolysis process
only accept low moisture

19
Q

mineral matter content

A
  • naturally present/ chemically contaminated from industry process
20
Q

mineral matter content constituent

A

Si, Ca, K, Na & Mg with small amont of S, P, Fe, Mn & Al

21
Q

Organic matter (C,H,N,S,O) can be determine through:

2 ways

carbon, hyrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen

A
  1. proximate analysis
  2. ultimate analysis (C,H,N,S,O)
22
Q

proximate analysis

A
  • heating biomass in inert atmosphere up to 950°C
  • fixed carbon content = mass of residue left after heating biomass
  • eg instrument: TGA
23
Q

ultimate analysis (C,H,N,S,O)

A
  • involve complete & instantaneous oxidation of sample by “flash combustion” then produce NO2, CO2, SO2, H2O
  • use specific calibration to determine quantity (C,H,N,S,O)
24
Q

why determine organic matter important

A
  • N & S =determine enviromental quality. high N & S = unfavorable (produce acidic gas)
  • C & H = determine calorific value & biofuel conversion potential
  • O =associate with losses and greater CO2 emission
25
Q

physical properties

physical density

A

low density make transportation costly

eg, low density ( bulu pelepah) senang terbang bila transport susah and mahal

26
Q

ways to increase density

2 ways

A
  1. physical process (compaction)
  2. thermal process (torrefaction)
27
Q

category of technologies for biomass processing

3 categories

A
  1. thermochemical processing
  2. biochemical processing
  3. physiochemical processing
28
Q

thermochemical processing

4 types

A
  1. combustion
  2. gasification
  3. prylolysis
  4. hydrothermal processsing
29
Q

biochemical processing

A

anaerobic digestion

30
Q

physiochemical processing

2 types

A
  1. fermentation
  2. esterifaction
31
Q

combustion output

A
  • heat
  • steam
  • electricity
32
Q

gasification

A
  • heat
  • steam
  • electricity
  • methane
  • hydrogen
33
Q

pyrolysis

A
  • charcoal/biochar
  • biogas
  • bio-oil
34
Q

hydrothermal

A
  • charcoal
  • biogas
  • bio-oil
35
Q

anaerobic digestion

A
  • biogas
  • digestate
36
Q

type generation of biofuels

4 generation

A
  1. 1st gen (food related source)
  2. 2nd gen (non-food related source)
  3. 3rd gen (microalgae)
  4. 4rt gen (genetically modified microalgae)
37
Q

1st gen (food related source)

A
  • feedstock of higher saccharide & lipid content
  • poses adverse on food security
  • require cultivable land for feedstock generation
  • -ive impact on environment due to fertilizer&pesticide
  • feedstock growth depend largely on environmental factor (temp,humidity etc.)
38
Q

2nd gen (non-food related source)

A
  • no impact on food security
  • no impact on biodiversity
  • feedstock growth depend on environmental factor
39
Q

3rd gen (microalgae)

A
  • no impact on food security
  • no impact on biodiversity
  • can be cultivate in soil unsuitable for agriculture purpose using waste water
  • feedstock can grow on rough condition
  • comercial production not yet in place (in research)
40
Q

4rt gen (genetically modified microalgae)

A
  • no impact on food security
  • no impact on biodiversity
  • feedstock can grow on rough condition
  • aim for overall life cycle of carbon footprint is negative
  • technology in early development

Biomass (7 decks)

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