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Laboratory Management > C - Lesson 10 Laboratory Safety > Flashcards

C - Lesson 10 Laboratory Safety Flashcards

1
Q

are numerous but can be avoided with knowledge of safe working practices and simple rules.

A

Laboratory risks and hazards

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2
Q

Common laboratory risks and hazards that may arise from improper work procedures and practices include:

A

➢ Accidental ingestion of a hazardous or an infectious substance
➢ Cuts due to incorrect handling of glassware
➢ Accidentally dropping containers of hazardous and infectious substances ➢ Implosions of vessels being evacuated which may lead to exposure to the reagents inside the vessel or the fragments of shattered glass
➢ Explosions of vessels operating under internal pressure with the same effects as implosions
➢ Flammability, toxicity, physical and infection risks presented by some wastes

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3
Q

 Affect the morale and threaten the emotional health of the party involved

A

LABORTORY SAFETY MANAGEMENT

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4
Q

 are expensive in terms of lost wages & medical treatment

A

Injuries

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5
Q

 impair the ability to serve

A

Injuries

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6
Q

HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENT IN THE LABORATORY “THE PERFECT SET UP FOR AN ACCIDENTS”

A

✓ Infectious environment
✓ Potent body fluids
✓ Toxic and flammable chemicals
✓ Toxic and hazardous waste
✓ High turnover of laboratory staff
✓ High stress, overworked laboratory staff
✓ Dangerous equipment
✓ Inadequate training/ Do not follow procedure

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7
Q

Agencies that Issue Guidelines/Standards

A
  1. Center for Disease Control (CDC)
  2. International Organization of Standards (ISO)
  3. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)
  4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
  5. American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
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8
Q

Standards & Guidelines for hospitals & laboratories primarily related to infection control and safe work practices

A
  1. Center for Disease Control (CDC)
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9
Q

Standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services

A
  1. International Organization of Standards (ISO)
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10
Q

Standards on all aspects of laboratory practice developed through a voluntary consensus process

A
  1. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)
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11
Q

Regulates employee safety in the workplace

A
  1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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12
Q

Technical Standards for Blood Banks

A
  1. American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
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13
Q

A. Standards

A
  1. Respiratory protection standard
  2. Hazard Communication Standard
  3. Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
  4. Blood-borne Pathogens Standard
  5. Formaldehyde Standard
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14
Q

Requires a respiratory protection plan

A
  1. Respiratory protection standard
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15
Q

Requires employers to inform employees about hazardous substances in the workplace and to educate and train them in safe and proper handling

A
  1. Hazard Communication Standard
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16
Q

Requires a Chemical Hygiene plan to minimize personnel exposures to hazardous chemica

A
  1. Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
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17
Q

Mandates stringent work practices and procedures to minimize worker exposure to bloodborne pathogens

A
  1. Blood-borne Pathogens Standard
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18
Q

Requires monitoring of Formaldehyde exposure, engineering control, personal protective equipment, training, emergency action plan

A
  1. Formaldehyde Standard
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19
Q

“Right –to-Know-Law”

A

Hazard Communication Standard

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20
Q

“Laboratory Standard”

A

Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories

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21
Q

B. Functions

A
  1. Ensures safety of workers in all areas
  2. Enforces regulations for worker safety
  3. Responds to complains of non-compliance of regulations
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22
Q

have the potential to cause injury, illness or harm, which include physical, chemical, biological

A

Hazards

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23
Q

may be people, the environment, geographical areas, or weather conditions.

A

Hazards

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24
Q

can be any factors within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it.

A

Physical hazards

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25
Q

Radiation: including ionizing, non-ionizing (EMF’s, microwaves, radiowaves, etc.)

A

Physical hazards

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26
Q

High exposure to sunlight / ultraviolet rays

A

Physical hazards

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27
Q

Temperature extremes – hot and cold

A

Physical hazards

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28
Q

Constant loud noise

A

Physical hazards

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29
Q
  1. Clinical laboratory shall be well-ventilated, adequately lighted, clean and safe
A

PHYSICAL FACILITIES

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30
Q
  1. Working space shall be sufficient
A

PHYSICAL FACILITIES

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31
Q
  1. Adequate water supply
A

PHYSICAL FACILITIES

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32
Q

: structurally safe and sound to prevent collapse

A

Buildings

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33
Q

: withstand normal load, typhoons and strong winds

A

Roof

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34
Q

: sufficient strength

A

Foundations and floors

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35
Q

▪ to sustain safely the loads

A

Foundations and floors

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36
Q

▪ Shall not be overloaded

A

Foundations and floors

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37
Q

submitted to building official for examination and approval

A

Plans

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38
Q

▪ proposed new construction

A

Plans

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39
Q

▪ alterations

A

Plans

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40
Q

▪ substantial repairs

A

Plans

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41
Q

Space Requirements

A
  1. Workrooms
  2. Maximum number of persons
  3. Adequate spaces between machinery and equipment
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42
Q

▪ air-conditioned
▪ process allows free movement

A
  1. Workrooms
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43
Q
  1. Workrooms Height

existing heights of not less than

A

at least 2.7 meters (8 ft. 10 in.)

2.4 meters

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44
Q

Maximum number of persons

A

one person per 11.5 cubic meters (400 cu. ft.)

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45
Q

Adequate spaces between machinery and equipment
▪ Not less than [?] to allow normal operation, maintenance or repair
▪ [?] of materials under process

A

60 cm (24 in)
Free flow

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46
Q

General Ventilation

A
  1. Clean fresh air shall be supplied
  2. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
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47
Q

Clean fresh air shall be supplied
a. Average rate:

A

20-40 m3 (700-1400 ft3)/hour/worker

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48
Q

Clean fresh air shall be supplied
b. to effect a complete change of air
▪ Sedentary workers:
▪ Active workers:

A

4x/hour
8x/hour

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49
Q

Mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
Air Movement:

A

workers shall not be subjected to objectionable drafts

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50
Q
A

Infected Sharps & Others

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51
Q

Infected Sharps & Others

➢ Use special [?]

A

red sharps container w/ secure lid and hard sides

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52
Q

➢ Do NOT handle needles

A

Infected Sharps & Others

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53
Q

➢ Contaminated Needles and sharps

A

Infected Sharps & Others

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54
Q

➢ Collection tubes, Pasteur pipettes

A

Infected Sharps & Others

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55
Q

Broken glass, used glass

A

Infected Sharps & Others

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56
Q

Ingredients of fire:

A

✓ Ignition source ✓ Oxygen ✓ Fuel

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57
Q
  • Keep flammable substances in separate rooms/storage cabinets
A

Fire Prevention Plans

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58
Q
  • Use of fire resistant building products and equipment
A

Fire Prevention Plans

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59
Q
  • Regulation of flammable materials/chemicals
A

o Storage volume
o Where it is stored
o How it is used

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60
Q
  • Appropriate equipment
A

o Ventilated hoods
o Transporting aids
o Working space

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61
Q

Fire fighting strategies
- Construction:

A

structure, lay-out

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62
Q

Fire fighting strategies
- Training and practice:

A

drills, evacuation plan, assistance

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63
Q

RACE Program

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain fire
Evacuate and Fight the Fire

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64
Q

Report the fire

A

Alarm

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65
Q

Fire alarm

A

Alarm

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66
Q

Phone

A

Alarm

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67
Q

Close doors

A

Contain Fire

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68
Q

Secure flammables, acids and alkali

A

Contain Fire

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69
Q

Secure equipment

A

Contain Fire

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70
Q

Smoke filled room; smoke barrier doors

A

Evacuate and Fight the Fire

71
Q

Hot doors

A

Evacuate and Fight the Fire

72
Q

Fire hose

A

Evacuate and Fight the Fire

73
Q

Fire extinguishers

A

Evacuate and Fight the Fire

74
Q

✓ Physical harm from shocks or burns

A

Electrical Hazard

75
Q

✓ Dangers from fire caused by heat & sparks

A

Electrical Hazard

76
Q

✓ Avoid the contact of water or fluid with equipment and equipment wiring

A

Electrical Hazard

77
Q

✓ Equipment should not be operated with wet hands

A

Electrical Hazard

78
Q

✓ Immediately remove the electrical source in cases of electrical accidents (circuit breakers)

A

Electrical Hazard

79
Q

✓ Orientation on electrical safety

A

Electrical Hazard

80
Q

✓ Electrical equipment should be grounded

A

Electrical Hazard

81
Q

✓ Avoid overloaded circuits

A

Electrical Hazard

82
Q

✓ There should be no extension cords

A

Electrical Hazard

83
Q

✓ Check equipments’ compliance with safety standards

A

Electrical Hazard

84
Q

Are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas).

85
Q

Some are safer than others, but to some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals, even common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or breathing problems.

86
Q

[?] like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents – ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an unlabeled container!

87
Q

[?] that come from welding or exposure to solvents

A

Vapors and fumes

88
Q

[?] like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium

89
Q

[?] like gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals

A

Flammable materials

90
Q

Pesticides

91
Q

✓ reading labels

A

Handling Chemicals

92
Q

✓ hazard warning systems

A

Handling Chemicals

93
Q

✓ hazardous substances / chemicals

A

Handling Chemicals

94
Q

✓ incompatible chemicals

A

Handling Chemicals

95
Q

✓ storage

A

Handling Chemicals

96
Q

✓ reactive chemicals

A

Handling Chemicals

97
Q

✓ Use under fume hoods

A

Chemical Safety

98
Q

✓ face velocity for a fume hood for routine chemical use should be 100 ft/min

A

Chemical Safety

99
Q

✓ Avoid skin contact

A

Chemical Safety

100
Q

✓ Use safety glasses

A

Chemical Safety

101
Q

✓ Never add water to concentrated acids

A

Chemical Safety

102
Q

✓ Observe Safety Disposal

A

Chemical Safety

103
Q

Components of the Chemical Hygiene Plan (Hazards Communication)

A

a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
b. Labeling of chemicals including hazards
c. Storage
d. Handling and transport
e. Disposal
f. Spill clean up
g. Acids, alkali
h. Flammables
i. Controlling of fumes (fume hoods)
j. Personal protection (PPE)
k. Environmental monitoring

104
Q

a document detailing safety information about each hazardous chemical

A

a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

105
Q

must be available to employees at all times in an obvious and easily accessible location

A

a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

106
Q

MSDS to include, physical or chemical characteristics (BP, vapor pressure, density, solubility in water and reactivity in water, flashpoint, flammability, stability, PE requirement, ventilation

A

a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

107
Q

➢ which must be performed when acid, or alkali are spilled in an individual’s eye

A

Eye washing procedure

108
Q

Eye washing procedure:

A

a. remove contacts
b. hold eye open
c. wash with running water for full fifteen minutes

109
Q

➢ “Right-to-Know Law”

A

COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES

110
Q

➢ Use of Labels and Signs

A

COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES

111
Q

➢ Information and Training

A

COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES

112
Q

➢ Record Keeping (training & occupational exposure)

A

COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES

113
Q

include exposure to harm or disease associated with working with animals, people, or infectious plant materials.

A

Biological Hazards

114
Q

Workplaces with these kinds of hazards include, but are not limited to, work in schools, day care facilities, colleges and universities, hospitals, laboratories, emergency response, nursing homes, or various outdoor occupations.

A

Biological Hazards

115
Q

Blood and other body fluids

A

Biological Hazards

116
Q

Fungi/mold

A

Biological Hazards

117
Q

Bacteria and viruses

A

Biological Hazards

118
Q

Plants Insect bites

A

Biological Hazards

119
Q

Animal and bird droppings

A

Biological Hazards

120
Q

Occur when the type of work, body positions and working conditions put a strain on your body.

A

Ergonomic Hazards

121
Q

They are the hardest to spot since you don’t always immediately notice the strain on your body or the harm that these hazards pose.

A

Ergonomic Hazards

122
Q

may result in “sore muscles” the next day or in the days following the exposure

A

Short-term exposure

123
Q

can result in serious long-term illness

A

Long-term exposure

124
Q

Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs

A

Ergonomic Hazards

125
Q

Frequent lifting

A

Ergonomic Hazards

126
Q

Poor posture

A

Ergonomic Hazards

127
Q

Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive

A

Ergonomic Hazards

128
Q

Having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently

A

Ergonomic Hazards

129
Q

Vibration

A

Ergonomic Hazards

130
Q

Cumulative trauma involving musculo-skeletal &/or nervous system, in response to long term repetitive twisting, bending, lifting, or static exposures (arms, hands, wrist, neck or back).

A

Ergonomic Hazards

131
Q

Implement programs to avoid these problems

A

Ergonomic Hazards

132
Q

Hazards or stressors that cause stress (short term effects) and strain (long term effects).

A

Psychosocial

133
Q

These are hazards associated with workplace issues such as workload, lack of control and/or respect, among others.

A

Psychosocial

134
Q

(Work Organization Hazards)

A

Psychosocial

135
Q

Workload demands

A

Psychosocial

136
Q

Workplace violence

A

Psychosocial

137
Q

Intensity and/or pace

A

Psychosocial

138
Q

Respect (or lack thereof)

A

Psychosocial

139
Q

Flexibility

A

Psychosocial

140
Q

Control or say about things

A

Psychosocial

141
Q

Social support or relations

A

Psychosocial

142
Q

Sexual harassment

A

Psychosocial

143
Q

are unsafe working conditions that that can cause injury, illness and death.

A

Safety Hazards

144
Q

are the most common workplace hazards

A

Safety Hazards

145
Q

Anything that can cause spills or tripping such as cords running across the floor or ice

A

Safety Hazards

146
Q

Anything that can cause falls such as working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised work area

A

Safety Hazards

147
Q

Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts that a worker can accidentally touch

A

Safety Hazards

148
Q

Electrical hazards like frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring

A

Safety Hazards

149
Q

Confined spaces

A

Safety Hazards

150
Q
  • All [?], regardless of source, should be considered biohazardous
A

biologic specimens

151
Q
  • The [?} may be present in the specimen before the patient shows any signs or symptoms of disease.
A

infectious agent

152
Q

is strictly prohibited

A
  • Mouth pipeting
153
Q
  • Do NOT remove [?] until necessary.
A

specimen tube stoppers

154
Q

– to prevent aerosol contamination - Automated machines

A
  • Centrifugation
155
Q

Universal Precautions and the OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard:

A

a. Hand washing
b. No facial contact
c. Protection of open cuts
d. No Smoking policy
e. Handling of body fluid specimens
f. Fluid resistant lab coats, shoes
g. Proper disinfecting of work areas
h. Proper cleanup of spill

156
Q

i. Equipment (PPE):

A

a. facemask, goggles
b. gloves
c. Gowns

157
Q

j. Prevention, Documentation:

A

a. Annual tuberculosis skin test or X-ray every 5 years
b. Hepatitis B vaccine
c. Accident/incident report

158
Q

Common Decontaminants

A

Heat (250 OC for 15 mins)
Ethylene oxide (450-500 mg/L @ 55-60OC)
2% Glutaraldehyde
10% H2O2
10% Formalin
10% Bleach (hypochlorite)
Phenols
UV Ionizing radiation
Photo-oxidation

159
Q

Non-infectious DRY waste

160
Q

Non-infectious WET waste

161
Q

Infectious Pathological waste

162
Q

Chemical waste (heavy metals)

A

Yellow w/black band

163
Q

Sharps & pressurized containers

164
Q

Radioactive materials

165
Q

General Safety Practices

A

a. Essential Safety Equipment
b. First Aid Kit
c. Personal Protective Equipment
d. Proper Storage
e. Proper Disposal
f. Inspections

166
Q

Laboratories are filled with [?], biological materials and equipment.

A

hazardous chemicals

167
Q

It’s often the responsibility of [?] to make sure everyone in their lab completes the various safety training, inventory, and individual registration requirements.

A

lab managers

168
Q

Many laboratories contain significant risks, and the [?] requires great care and constant vigilance.

A

prevention of laboratory accidents

169
Q

Examples of [?] include high voltages, high and low pressures and temperatures, corrosive and toxic chemicals a nd chemical vapours, radiation, fire, explosions, and biohazards including infective organisms and their toxins.

A

risk factors

170
Q

Measures to protect against [?] include safety training and enforcement of laboratory safety policies, safety review of experi mental designs, the use of personal protective equipment, and the use of the buddy system for particularly risky operations.

A

laboratory accidents

171
Q

In many countries, laboratory work is subject by [?].

A

health and safety legislation

172
Q

In some cases, laboratory activities can also prese nt environmental health risks, for example, the accidental or deliberate discharge of toxic or infective material from the laboratory into the environment.

172
Q

In some cases, laboratory activities can also prese nt [?], for example, the accidental or deliberate discharge of toxic or infective material from the laboratory into the environment.

A

environmental health risks

Laboratory Management (13 decks)

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