C - Lesson 10 Laboratory Safety Flashcards
1
Q
are numerous but can be avoided with knowledge of safe working practices and simple rules.
A
Laboratory risks and hazards
2
Q
Common laboratory risks and hazards that may arise from improper work procedures and practices include:
A
➢ Accidental ingestion of a hazardous or an infectious substance
➢ Cuts due to incorrect handling of glassware
➢ Accidentally dropping containers of hazardous and infectious substances ➢ Implosions of vessels being evacuated which may lead to exposure to the reagents inside the vessel or the fragments of shattered glass
➢ Explosions of vessels operating under internal pressure with the same effects as implosions
➢ Flammability, toxicity, physical and infection risks presented by some wastes
3
Q
Affect the morale and threaten the emotional health of the party involved
A
LABORTORY SAFETY MANAGEMENT
4
Q
are expensive in terms of lost wages & medical treatment
A
Injuries
5
Q
impair the ability to serve
A
Injuries
6
Q
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENT IN THE LABORATORY “THE PERFECT SET UP FOR AN ACCIDENTS”
A
✓ Infectious environment
✓ Potent body fluids
✓ Toxic and flammable chemicals
✓ Toxic and hazardous waste
✓ High turnover of laboratory staff
✓ High stress, overworked laboratory staff
✓ Dangerous equipment
✓ Inadequate training/ Do not follow procedure
7
Q
Agencies that Issue Guidelines/Standards
A
- Center for Disease Control (CDC)
- International Organization of Standards (ISO)
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
- American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
8
Q
Standards & Guidelines for hospitals & laboratories primarily related to infection control and safe work practices
A
- Center for Disease Control (CDC)
9
Q
Standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services
A
- International Organization of Standards (ISO)
10
Q
Standards on all aspects of laboratory practice developed through a voluntary consensus process
A
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)
11
Q
Regulates employee safety in the workplace
A
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
12
Q
Technical Standards for Blood Banks
A
- American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
13
Q
A. Standards
A
- Respiratory protection standard
- Hazard Communication Standard
- Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
- Blood-borne Pathogens Standard
- Formaldehyde Standard
14
Q
Requires a respiratory protection plan
A
- Respiratory protection standard
15
Q
Requires employers to inform employees about hazardous substances in the workplace and to educate and train them in safe and proper handling
A
- Hazard Communication Standard
16
Q
Requires a Chemical Hygiene plan to minimize personnel exposures to hazardous chemica
A
- Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
17
Q
Mandates stringent work practices and procedures to minimize worker exposure to bloodborne pathogens
A
- Blood-borne Pathogens Standard
18
Q
Requires monitoring of Formaldehyde exposure, engineering control, personal protective equipment, training, emergency action plan
A
- Formaldehyde Standard
19
Q
“Right –to-Know-Law”
A
Hazard Communication Standard
20
Q
“Laboratory Standard”
A
Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
21
Q
B. Functions
A
- Ensures safety of workers in all areas
- Enforces regulations for worker safety
- Responds to complains of non-compliance of regulations
22
Q
have the potential to cause injury, illness or harm, which include physical, chemical, biological
A
Hazards
23
Q
may be people, the environment, geographical areas, or weather conditions.
A
Hazards
24
Q
can be any factors within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it.
A
Physical hazards
25
Radiation: including ionizing, non-ionizing (EMF’s, microwaves, radiowaves, etc.)
Physical hazards
26
High exposure to sunlight / ultraviolet rays
Physical hazards
27
Temperature extremes – hot and cold
Physical hazards
28
Constant loud noise
Physical hazards
29
1. Clinical laboratory shall be well-ventilated, adequately lighted, clean and safe
PHYSICAL FACILITIES
30
2. Working space shall be sufficient
PHYSICAL FACILITIES
31
3. Adequate water supply
PHYSICAL FACILITIES
32
: structurally safe and sound to prevent collapse
Buildings
33
: withstand normal load, typhoons and strong winds
Roof
34
: sufficient strength
Foundations and floors
35
▪ to sustain safely the loads
Foundations and floors
36
▪ Shall not be overloaded
Foundations and floors
37
submitted to building official for examination and approval
Plans
38
▪ proposed new construction
Plans
39
▪ alterations
Plans
40
▪ substantial repairs
Plans
41
Space Requirements
1. Workrooms
2. Maximum number of persons
3. Adequate spaces between machinery and equipment
42
▪ air-conditioned
▪ process allows free movement
1. Workrooms
43
1. Workrooms Height
existing heights of not less than
at least 2.7 meters (8 ft. 10 in.)
2.4 meters
44
Maximum number of persons
one person per 11.5 cubic meters (400 cu. ft.)
45
Adequate spaces between machinery and equipment
▪ Not less than [?] to allow normal operation, maintenance or repair
▪ [?] of materials under process
60 cm (24 in)
Free flow
46
General Ventilation
1. Clean fresh air shall be supplied
2. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
47
Clean fresh air shall be supplied
a. Average rate:
20-40 m3 (700-1400 ft3)/hour/worker
48
Clean fresh air shall be supplied
b. to effect a complete change of air
▪ Sedentary workers:
▪ Active workers:
4x/hour
8x/hour
49
Mechanical ventilation shall be provided.
Air Movement:
workers shall not be subjected to objectionable drafts
50
Infected Sharps & Others
51
Infected Sharps & Others
➢ Use special [?]
red sharps container w/ secure lid and hard sides
52
➢ Do NOT handle needles
Infected Sharps & Others
53
➢ Contaminated Needles and sharps
Infected Sharps & Others
54
➢ Collection tubes, Pasteur pipettes
Infected Sharps & Others
55
Broken glass, used glass
Infected Sharps & Others
56
Ingredients of fire:
✓ Ignition source ✓ Oxygen ✓ Fuel
57
- Keep flammable substances in separate rooms/storage cabinets
Fire Prevention Plans
58
- Use of fire resistant building products and equipment
Fire Prevention Plans
59
- Regulation of flammable materials/chemicals
o Storage volume
o Where it is stored
o How it is used
60
- Appropriate equipment
o Ventilated hoods
o Transporting aids
o Working space
61
Fire fighting strategies
- Construction:
structure, lay-out
62
Fire fighting strategies
- Training and practice:
drills, evacuation plan, assistance
63
RACE Program
Rescue
Alarm
Contain fire
Evacuate and Fight the Fire
64
Report the fire
Alarm
65
Fire alarm
Alarm
66
Phone
Alarm
67
Close doors
Contain Fire
68
Secure flammables, acids and alkali
Contain Fire
69
Secure equipment
Contain Fire
70
Smoke filled room; smoke barrier doors
Evacuate and Fight the Fire
71
Hot doors
Evacuate and Fight the Fire
72
Fire hose
Evacuate and Fight the Fire
73
Fire extinguishers
Evacuate and Fight the Fire
74
✓ Physical harm from shocks or burns
Electrical Hazard
75
✓ Dangers from fire caused by heat & sparks
Electrical Hazard
76
✓ Avoid the contact of water or fluid with equipment and equipment wiring
Electrical Hazard
77
✓ Equipment should not be operated with wet hands
Electrical Hazard
78
✓ Immediately remove the electrical source in cases of electrical accidents (circuit breakers)
Electrical Hazard
79
✓ Orientation on electrical safety
Electrical Hazard
80
✓ Electrical equipment should be grounded
Electrical Hazard
81
✓ Avoid overloaded circuits
Electrical Hazard
82
✓ There should be no extension cords
Electrical Hazard
83
✓ Check equipments’ compliance with safety standards
Electrical Hazard
84
Are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas).
85
Some are safer than others, but to some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals, even common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or breathing problems.
86
[?] like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents – ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an unlabeled container!
Liquids
87
[?] that come from welding or exposure to solvents
Vapors and fumes
88
[?] like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium
Gases
89
[?] like gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals
Flammable materials
90
Pesticides
91
✓ reading labels
Handling Chemicals
92
✓ hazard warning systems
Handling Chemicals
93
✓ hazardous substances / chemicals
Handling Chemicals
94
✓ incompatible chemicals
Handling Chemicals
95
✓ storage
Handling Chemicals
96
✓ reactive chemicals
Handling Chemicals
97
✓ Use under fume hoods
Chemical Safety
98
✓ face velocity for a fume hood for routine chemical use should be 100 ft/min
Chemical Safety
99
✓ Avoid skin contact
Chemical Safety
100
✓ Use safety glasses
Chemical Safety
101
✓ Never add water to concentrated acids
Chemical Safety
102
✓ Observe Safety Disposal
Chemical Safety
103
Components of the Chemical Hygiene Plan (Hazards Communication)
a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
b. Labeling of chemicals including hazards
c. Storage
d. Handling and transport
e. Disposal
f. Spill clean up
g. Acids, alkali
h. Flammables
i. Controlling of fumes (fume hoods)
j. Personal protection (PPE)
k. Environmental monitoring
104
a document detailing safety information about each hazardous chemical
a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
105
must be available to employees at all times in an obvious and easily accessible location
a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
106
MSDS to include, physical or chemical characteristics (BP, vapor pressure, density, solubility in water and reactivity in water, flashpoint, flammability, stability, PE requirement, ventilation
a. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
107
➢ which must be performed when acid, or alkali are spilled in an individual’s eye
Eye washing procedure
108
Eye washing procedure:
a. remove contacts
b. hold eye open
c. wash with running water for full fifteen minutes
109
➢ “Right-to-Know Law”
COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES
110
➢ Use of Labels and Signs
COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES
111
➢ Information and Training
COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES
112
➢ Record Keeping (training & occupational exposure)
COMMUNICATION OF HAZARD TO EMPLOYEES
113
include exposure to harm or disease associated with working with animals, people, or infectious plant materials.
Biological Hazards
114
Workplaces with these kinds of hazards include, but are not limited to, work in schools, day care facilities, colleges and universities, hospitals, laboratories, emergency response, nursing homes, or various outdoor occupations.
Biological Hazards
115
Blood and other body fluids
Biological Hazards
116
Fungi/mold
Biological Hazards
117
Bacteria and viruses
Biological Hazards
118
Plants Insect bites
Biological Hazards
119
Animal and bird droppings
Biological Hazards
120
Occur when the type of work, body positions and working conditions put a strain on your body.
Ergonomic Hazards
121
They are the hardest to spot since you don’t always immediately notice the strain on your body or the harm that these hazards pose.
Ergonomic Hazards
122
may result in “sore muscles” the next day or in the days following the exposure
Short-term exposure
123
can result in serious long-term illness
Long-term exposure
124
Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
Ergonomic Hazards
125
Frequent lifting
Ergonomic Hazards
126
Poor posture
Ergonomic Hazards
127
Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive
Ergonomic Hazards
128
Having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently
Ergonomic Hazards
129
Vibration
Ergonomic Hazards
130
Cumulative trauma involving musculo-skeletal &/or nervous system, in response to long term repetitive twisting, bending, lifting, or static exposures (arms, hands, wrist, neck or back).
Ergonomic Hazards
131
Implement programs to avoid these problems
Ergonomic Hazards
132
Hazards or stressors that cause stress (short term effects) and strain (long term effects).
Psychosocial
133
These are hazards associated with workplace issues such as workload, lack of control and/or respect, among others.
Psychosocial
134
(Work Organization Hazards)
Psychosocial
135
Workload demands
Psychosocial
136
Workplace violence
Psychosocial
137
Intensity and/or pace
Psychosocial
138
Respect (or lack thereof)
Psychosocial
139
Flexibility
Psychosocial
140
Control or say about things
Psychosocial
141
Social support or relations
Psychosocial
142
Sexual harassment
Psychosocial
143
are unsafe working conditions that that can cause injury, illness and death.
Safety Hazards
144
are the most common workplace hazards
Safety Hazards
145
Anything that can cause spills or tripping such as cords running across the floor or ice
Safety Hazards
146
Anything that can cause falls such as working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised work area
Safety Hazards
147
Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts that a worker can accidentally touch
Safety Hazards
148
Electrical hazards like frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring
Safety Hazards
149
Confined spaces
Safety Hazards
150
- All [?], regardless of source, should be considered biohazardous
biologic specimens
151
- The [?} may be present in the specimen before the patient shows any signs or symptoms of disease.
infectious agent
152
is strictly prohibited
- Mouth pipeting
153
- Do NOT remove [?] until necessary.
specimen tube stoppers
154
– to prevent aerosol contamination - Automated machines
- Centrifugation
155
Universal Precautions and the OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens Standard:
a. Hand washing
b. No facial contact
c. Protection of open cuts
d. No Smoking policy
e. Handling of body fluid specimens
f. Fluid resistant lab coats, shoes
g. Proper disinfecting of work areas
h. Proper cleanup of spill
156
i. Equipment (PPE):
a. facemask, goggles
b. gloves
c. Gowns
157
j. Prevention, Documentation:
a. Annual tuberculosis skin test or X-ray every 5 years
b. Hepatitis B vaccine
c. Accident/incident report
158
Common Decontaminants
Heat (250 OC for 15 mins)
Ethylene oxide (450-500 mg/L @ 55-60OC)
2% Glutaraldehyde
10% H2O2
10% Formalin
10% Bleach (hypochlorite)
Phenols
UV Ionizing radiation
Photo-oxidation
159
Non-infectious DRY waste
Black
160
Non-infectious WET waste
Green
161
Infectious Pathological waste
Yellow
162
Chemical waste (heavy metals)
Yellow w/black band
163
Sharps & pressurized containers
Red
164
Radioactive materials
Orange
165
General Safety Practices
a. Essential Safety Equipment
b. First Aid Kit
c. Personal Protective Equipment
d. Proper Storage
e. Proper Disposal
f. Inspections
166
Laboratories are filled with [?], biological materials and equipment.
hazardous chemicals
167
It’s often the responsibility of [?] to make sure everyone in their lab completes the various safety training, inventory, and individual registration requirements.
lab managers
168
Many laboratories contain significant risks, and the [?] requires great care and constant vigilance.
prevention of laboratory accidents
169
Examples of [?] include high voltages, high and low pressures and temperatures, corrosive and toxic chemicals a nd chemical vapours, radiation, fire, explosions, and biohazards including infective organisms and their toxins.
risk factors
170
Measures to protect against [?] include safety training and enforcement of laboratory safety policies, safety review of experi mental designs, the use of personal protective equipment, and the use of the buddy system for particularly risky operations.
laboratory accidents
171
In many countries, laboratory work is subject by [?].
health and safety legislation
172
In some cases, laboratory activities can also prese nt environmental health risks, for example, the accidental or deliberate discharge of toxic or infective material from the laboratory into the environment.
172
In some cases, laboratory activities can also prese nt [?], for example, the accidental or deliberate discharge of toxic or infective material from the laboratory into the environment.
environmental health risks
