C:9 Chemistry of the Atmosphere Paper 2 Flashcards
What Percentage of the air is nitrogen, oxygen and other gases?
- Nitrogen is 78%
- Oxygen is 21%
- and other gases is 1%
What do the other gases include?
- The other gases include carbon dioxide, water vapour and noble gases.
The earth formed (_______) Billion years ago?
- 4.6
What Happens in the first stage of the earths atmosphere?
- The earths hot surface cooled slightly and a crust formed.
What Happens in the second stage of the earths atmosphere?
- volcanoes covered the earth which kept erupting and realising mainly carbon dioxide but also some steam, nitrogen ammonia and methane.
What Happens in the third stage of the earths atmosphere?
- The water vapour cooled down, condensed and fell as rain to form the first oceans.
What Happens in the Forth stage of the earths atmosphere?
- About 3.4 billion years ago the first life developed on earth - Organisms similar to bacteria that did not need oxygen to generate energy They instead broke down other chemicals instead.
What Happens in the fith stage of the earths atmosphere?
- Later around 2.7 billion years ago the first simple plant life evolved in the form of algae.
What Happens in the Sixth stage of the earths atmosphere?
- These plants carried out photosynthesis which used up the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and produced the first molecules of oxygen as a waste product.
What Happens in the Seventh stage of the earths atmosphere?
- As oxygen levels increases the ozone layer developed from oxygen. The ozone layer blocked out harmful ultra-violet rays from the sun allowing more complex organisms to evolve lie animal life.
What’s The Balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO₂+ 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6o₂
Write a Definition of global dimming and how does it happen?
- Global Dimming is a decline in the amount of sunlight reaching the earth surface.
- Global Dimming happens because particulates reflect incoming radiation into space.
Name 3 Ways Carbon in the atmosphere decreased ?
- 1) Green plants evolved that absorbed co2 for Evolved.
- 2) Some co2 dissolved into the oceans.
- 3) co2 became locked up in sedimentary rocks. like limestone, calcium carbonate and fossil fuels.
Why did the concentration of water vapour in the atmosphere decreases?
- Because the water vapour condensed when the earth cooled.
Write a Definition of combustion and atmosphere?
- Combustion is when you burn something.
- the atmosphere is a Layer of gases protecting the earth.
Name the 3 main greenhouses gases and why are they greenhouses gases?
- The 3 main greenhouses gases are carbon dioxide ,water vapour and nitrogen.
- they re called greenhouses gases because they trap heat into the atomphere.
In 5 Steps how does the greenhouse effect work?
- 1) The sun radiation hits the earth.
- 2) Some off it reflects back.
- 3) Some off it passes to the earth.
- 4) It then hits the surface of the earth.
- 5) Some gases are absorbed.
Why does the greenhouse effect increases the temperature of the atmosphere?
- It increases the temperature because they are trapped in the atmosphere.
Name 2 Gases that increase as climate change keeps happening?
- Methane
- Carbon dioxide
why is the atmosphere essential for develop of life on earth?
- Because if their is no atmosphere than humans, plants and animals will die.
How does fossil fuel use and deforestation lead to climate change?
- because if human burn more fossil fuels it can causes air pollution and They be able to breathe.
- Also cutting trees means there is less oxygen for us to breath.
Name 3 Things that could be affected because of climate change?
- 1) Weather - extreme weather could be more common.
- 2) Insects - Insects could die because of extreme heat.
- 3) Global ice and sea levels - the ice melts and the sea levels rise.
What are the primary sources and chemical processes of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide?
- The main sources are from burning fossil fuels.
how does air pollutants create acid rain?
- The air pollutants dissolves into the clouds and creates acid rain.
Name 4 Issues of Breathing air pollutants?
- 1) Death
- 2) Coma
- 3) Fainting
- 4) Damaged lungs
How is Sulfur dioxide SO2 Formed and name 1 problem and 1 solution?
- Sulfur dioxide s formed from combustion.
- Problem: Causes acid rain.
- Solution: Flue -Gas desulphurisation.
How is Water Formed and name 1 problem and I solution?
- Water is formed from complete combustion.
- Problem: global warming.
- Solution: Burn less fossil fuels.
How is Nitrogen oxides Formed and name 1 problem and 1 solution?
- Nitrogen is formed from reactions of nitrogen.
- Problem: Causes Acid rain.
- Solutions: use a catalytic converter.
How are unburned fuels formed and name 1 problem and 1 solution?
- Unburned fuels are formed from incomplete combustion.
- Problem: Blackens buildings.
- Solution: Ensure there is a good supply of air.
How is carbon dioxide formed and name 1 problem and 1 solution?
- Carbon dioxide is formed from complete combustion.
- Problem: Global Warming.
- Solution: Burn less fuels.
How is carbon monoxide formed and name 1 problem and 1 solution?
- Carbon Monoxide is formed from incomplete combustion.
- Problem: Toxic.
- Solution: Ensure there is a good supply of air.
How is Soot/particulates formed and name 1 problem and 1 solution?
- Soot/particulates is formed from incomplete combustion.
- Problem: blackens buildings.
- Solution: Ensure there is a good supply of air.
Write a Definition of A Peat bog and why is the destruction of peat bogs a environmental issue?
- a Peat bog is decomposed soil that has staged in the ground which is filled with carbon.
- Its a environmental issue because it stores lots of carbon dioxide.
Why is peat land becoming increasing destroyed?
- peat land is becoming destroyed because of agriculture and land use.
Name 4 Effects of Deforestation?
- 1) Population growth.
- 2) Habitat Loss and more animals dyeing.
- 3) Palm oil.
- 4) CO2 increasing.
Write a Definition of Biodiversity?
- Biodivsity is the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth or within an ecosystem.
What’s The mnemonic to remember the 4 strategies for maintain biodiversity?
- Big - Breeding Programs
- Pandas - Protection of rare habitats
- Really - Reduction of Deforestation and co2 emissions
- Roar- Recycling resources
Big pandas really roar
Write down the purpose of breeding programs and write down 1 Benefit and 1Drawback?
- The purpose of breeding programs is to increases the number of endanger species.
- Benefit: It can increases engaged species and keep them safe.
- Drawback: They could be trapped in a cage and inbreeding can happen.
Write Down the purpose of protection of rare habitats and write Down 1 Benefit and 1 Drawback?
- The purpose of Protection of rare habitats is to establish natural habitats.
- Benefit: They are natural habitats.
- Drawback: Not guarantee to work and its extremely hard to work.
Write Down the purpose of reduction of deforestation and co2 emission and write Down 1 Benefit and 1 Drawback?
- The purpose of Reduction of deforestation and co2 emissions is to reduce carbon emission and reduce temperature rise.
- Benefit: Their natural habitat will be more stable.
- Drawback: It Wont maintain biodiversity.
Write Down the purpose of Recycling resources and write Down 1 Benefit and 1 Drawback?
- The purpose of Recycling resources is to ger rid of waste and plastic.
- Benefit: Solve the problem of global warming.
- Drawback: Hard to govern and new innovation.
