C:8 Chemical Analysis Paper 2 Flashcards
Write a Definition of Chemical Analysis and What’s it also know as?
- Chemical Analysis is all about the instruments and methods we use to Separate ,Identify and quantify different substances.
- Its also Know as analytical chemistry.
Write a Definition of Pure Substance and Name a Example?
- A pure substance is something that contains only 1 type of compound or element. so isn’t mixed with anything else.
- For Example: Pure water which only contains water molcules.
How do we Know if a Substance is Pure or Impure?
- We would know if a substance is pure or impure.
- This is because Pure substances melt and boil at the same Temperature.
How can We Test if Unknow Substances are Pure or Impure?
- We can test how pure a substance is by measuring its melting or boiling point We can then compare with the Melting or Boling point of a pure substance which can be found in Data Book.
the (___________) You measured value is to the actual (_________________) or Boiling point the (____________) Your sample is.
- Closer, Melting and Purer
Write a Definition of Physical and Chemical Test?
- a Physical Test is a Test where we are testing the physical Properties of that substance.
- A Chemical Test is when we react a Pure Substance with another chemical.
What Happens To the boiling or melting point in Impure Substances?
- Impure Substances don’t have specific Melting and Boiling point.
- Instead they have a Melting and Boling Temperatures over a Range of Temperatures.
What Happens to The Boling and Melting Point If a Substance had an Impurities?
- If a Substance Has Impurities than the Melting point will decrease and the boiling point will increase.
Write a Definition of Formulations and What do they contain?
- Formulations are Useful mixtures that have been designed for a particular use.
- So they contain Precise amounts of different components and so they have a particular function.
What Is needed for Formulations to be made?
- Formulations are made by a following Formula (a Recipe).
How are Formulations Made?
- Formulations are made by mixing the Components in carefully Mesured quantities to ensure that the product has the required properties.
Name 2 Things Formulations can Be used in?
- 1) Cleaning Products.
- 2) Paints.
What’s a Important Feature of Formulations?
- Different Components are always Present in the same proportions and each of the different components might contribute a different property.
Write a Definition of Paper chromatography?
- Paper Chromatography is an analytical techniques that can be used to separate and Analyse coloured substances.
In 5 Steps how do you separate mixtures using paper chromatography (PRATICAL)?
- 1) Use a pencil to draw the Base Line near the Bottom of the chromatography Paper.
- 2) On the base line add your sample of ink which will contain different substances.
- 3) Then find a beaker and fill it will a shallow amount of solvent.
- 4) Place the paper in the solvent but don’t submerge the base line and spot of ink and then add a lid to stop the solvent evaporating.
- 5) Wait for the solvent to seep up the paper and as it does the different dyes that make our ring will dissolve in the solvent and move up with it.
What happens to the different dyes that travel up the paper and what will they end up in?
- Each of the different dyes will travel up the paper at different rates.
- So they will end up separating each one out and each one must be a different substance.
What Happens if the Chemicals aren’t soluble?
- If chemicals aren’t soluble then they wont be able to dissolve and move up the paper.
Name the 2 Common types of solvent?
- 1) Water.
- 2) Ethanol.
Name the 2 Phrases of Paper chromatography?
- 1) Mobile Phrase.
- 2) Stationary Phrase.
Write a Definition of Mobile Phrase and What States of Matter is the Mobile phrase?
- The Mobile phrase is a Substance that the molecules can Move in.
- Its Always a gas or Liquid.
Write a Definition of Stationary Phrase and what states of matter is the Stationary Phrase?
- The Stationary Phrase is a Substance or material that the molecules cant move in.
- Its usually a Solid or a thick liquid.
Name a Example of The Stationary Phrase and Mobile phrase In paper chromatography?
- the Stationary phrase is the paper we used.
- the mobile phrase is the solvent we used.
Write a Definition of a Chromatogram?
- A Chromatogram is the pattern of sports formed by paper chromatography.
Write a Definition of the Rf value?
- An Rf value is the ratio between the distance travelled by the dissolved substances and the distance Travelled by the solvent.
Write Down the Equation to calculate the Rf?
Distance travelled by substance ÷ Distance travelled by Solvent.
In 3 Steps How Do You test for Chlorine (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) First get a Test Tube which you think contains Chlorine.
- 2) Get a Piece of Blue Litmus paper and Damp it.
- 3) Then put the damp Litmus paper in the test tube and if chlorine is present then the litmus paper will turn from blue to white.
In 2 Steps How Do You test for Oxygen (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) Get a sample of gas and place the glowing splint into the tube.
- 2) If Oxygen is present the glowing split will relight because burning requires oxygen and so it will supply lots of oxygen to our splint.
Write a Definition of a Glowing split and Lit splint?
- A Glowing split is one without a flame but is still glowing at the end.
- A Lit Splint is when its burning on the end.
In 2 Steps How Do You test for Carbon Dioxide (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) Get a gas sample and an aqueous solution of calcium Hydroxide in another test tube.
- 2) We then bubble the gas sample through the calcium hydroxide and if carbon is present the calcium hydroxide will turn cloudy.
Why Does the Calcium Hydroxide go cloudy?
- Calcium Carbonate is a solid and all the little solid particles that make it cloudy.
In 2 Steps How Do You test for Hydrogen (PRACTICAL)?
- 1) Get a Test tube which might be full of hydrogen and a Lit split then hold the lit split in the test tube.
- 2) If Hydrogen is Present Then a Squeaky pop will appear as the heat energy provided by the flame causes the hydrogen to burn with oxygen in the air.
