C

Question 1

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 1

Challenges James-Lange Theory

• Found that the same body response can happen for different emotions.
• Therefore body response and emotions occur at the same time and are independent of each other
• The brain gets a message that causes the experience of an emotion, AND at the same time, it sends a signal to the autonomic nervous system which causes a body response

Stimulus –> Brain –> 1. emotion 2. body response

Question 2

Central route processing

Answer 2

The central route to persuasion involves being persuaded by the arguments or the content of the message. For example, after hearing a political debate you may decide to vote for a candidate because you found the candidates views and arguments very convincing.

A method of shaping attitudes that asks the audience to think more, to analyze the content of the message. depends on cognitive ability and motivation of the audience.

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

Coordination, balance, and movement

Question 4

Cerebrum

Answer 4

Uppermost part of the brain including the cerebral cortex (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe) and subcortical structures (hippocampus, basal ganglia, olfactory bulb)

Question 5

Circadian rhythm

Answer 5

A built-in rhythm of an organism that is roughly 24 hrs long but can adjust to external stimuli. Present in plants animals, fungi, bacteria

Question 6

Classical conditioning

Answer 6

A form of learning that pairs neutral stimuli with natural stimuli in which the learner is able to pair this neutral stimuli with the response normally given to the natural stimuli (ring a bell and dog salivates)

Question 7

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 7

Mental discomfort when someone holds two contradictory beliefs at once

Question 8

Cognitive theories of motivation

Answer 8

Motivation is based on cognitive process. For example, to reduce cognitive dissonance, or in goal-setting theory to reach a particular end state

Question 9

Concrete operational stage

Answer 9

Piaget Stage 3 (7-11 yrs)

Child can solve problem in logical fashion. Can begin to understand induction, but still have trouble with deduction

Question 10

Conditional reinforcement

Answer 10

A stimulus that an organism learns to desire due to its pairing with another reinforcer (money or clicker noise in dog draining)

Question 11

Conditioned response

Answer 11

A response to a conditioned stimulus which usually mimics an unconditioned response (salivating in response to food is an unconditioned response; salivating in response to a bell is a conditioned response)

Question 12

Conditioned stimuli

Answer 12

A neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and comes to elicit the response (bell before the food)

Question 13

Conflict theory

Answer 13

A variety of approaches to sociology that focus on inequality between social groups and the power differentials that exist between them. Most strongly associated with Karl Marx

Question 14

Conformity

Answer 14

Matching behavior to social norms as a result of direct or unconscious pressure. Conforming behavior occurs both in groups and while alone

Question 15

Consciousness alternating drugs

Answer 15

Drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier to have an effect on the central nervous system. Common categories:

1. anxiolytics - inhibits anxiety
2. euphoriants - induces feeling of excitement and happiness (euphoria)
3. stimulants - induces temporary improvements in mental or physical function (alertness, wakefulness, locomotion)
4. depressants - lowers neurotransmission levels - decreases arousal or stimulation
5. hallucinogens - causes hallucinations

Question 16

Conversion disorder

Answer 16

Somatoform disorder in which a patient suffers numbness, blindness, or paralysis with no identifiable medical cause

Question 17

Cultural cpaital

Answer 17

Non-economic assets that provide value to an individual and that can promote social mobility (education, dress, attractiveness, humor)

Question 18

Cultural relativism

Answer 18

An attempt to study societies while minimizing ethnocentric bias