A-B

Question 1

Absolute poverty

Answer 1

Deprivation of basic human needs including access to food, water, shelter, safety

Question 2

Acquisition

Answer 2

The phase of conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus and the animal is learning to give a conditioned response

Question 3

Adrenal medulla

Answer 3

Gland just above the kidneys that releases: 1. epinephrine, 2. norepinephrine, 3. dopamine, 4. enkephalin

Question 4

Aggression

Answer 4

Acts carried out either with an intention to cause harm or to increase relative social dominance

Question 5

Altruism

Answer 5

Acting for the good of others at one’s own expense and with no expectation of benefit

Question 6

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 6

Most common form of dementia. No cure, develops with age and worsens as it progresses, eventually fatal. Start with simple absent-mindedness, then deepening confusion and eventual debilitating cognitive deficits

Question 7

Anterior pituitary

Answer 7

Gland that releases: 1. growth hormone, 2. thyroid stimulating hormone, 3. adrenocoricotropic hormone, 4. beta-endorphin, 5. follicle stimulating hormone, 6. luteinizing hormone, 7. prolactin

Question 8

Anxiety disorders

Answer 8

Excessive anxiety or fear. Includes generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, panic, OCD, PTSD

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

Process of one culture or language beginning to resemble that of another group

Question 10

Attachment theory

Answer 10

Study of long-term relationship, especially between infants and their primary caregiver. Includes several attachment patterns: 1. Secure, 2. Anxious, 3. Avoidant, 4. Ambivalent, 5. Disorganized

Question 11

Attitudes, components

Answer 11

A positive or negative feeling towards something or someone. Consists of 1. emotion, 2. behavior, 3. cognition

Question 12

Attraction

Answer 12

A process between two people which draws them together and leads to friendship and romance

Question 13

Attribution theory

Answer 13

A process of explaining what happens by attributing causes to the environment, or attributing certain thoughts or feelings to other people

Question 14

Auditory pathway

Answer 14

Outer ear, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes), inner ear (cochlea), organic of corti, vestibulocochlear nerve, thalamus, temporal lobe

Question 15

Avoidance learning

Answer 15

A behavior prevents a negative stimulus

Question 16

Behaviorist perspective of personality

Answer 16

Personality is a learning process of operant conditioning controlled by the environment. People have response tendencies which create behavior patterns. Childhood is not the crucial period because environment-based learning continues through life

Question 17

Biases

Answer 17

Cognitive or motivational forces that result in repeated, systematic deviations from rational judgement (availability heuristic, congruence bias, outcome bias)

Question 18

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 18

Somatoform disorder in which the patient has excessive concern with a perceived deficit of their body (worried about their body image when there is really nothing medically wrong with them)

Question 19

Brain study methods

Answer 19

1. Electrophsiology (EEG) - detects abnormalities related to electrical activity of the brain; records brain wave patterns
2. Neuroimaging (PET, fMRI) - directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the nervous system.
3. Effects of brain damage (strokes)

Question 20

Brainstem

Answer 20

Part of the CNS that connects the spinal cords to the brain. 1. Medulla oblongata, 2. Pons, 3. Midbrain (mesencephalon). Regulates the CNS, controls sleep cycle, heart rate, breathing, eating etc

Question 21

Bystander effect

Answer 21

The more individuals are present, the less likely someone will offer help