C-1 Hand Tools Flashcards
Marking tools
to lay out cuts and angles
Marking gauge
used to mark parallel lines on the edge of stock. usually used on shop workbench and scribing pin marks what needs to be planed or cut.
wheel marking gauge
two wheels are used, one to slide along edge and one to score face of the wood to be cut
Mortise gauge
used to mark two lines instead of one.
mortise and tenons are laid out with this tool
which tool marks out mortise and tenons?
Mortise gauge
when using mortise gauge each piece should be marked from?
face side of stock.
Butt gauge
used to lay out hinge gains on doors and door jambs.
one rod has two cutters, one for laying out distance of hinge from edge of door the other for laying out the distance from the rabbit of the door jamb.
Pencil compass
used to draw circles or arcs up to 150mm in diameter
Scriber
used to mark out irregular shapes.
its important to hold a scriber level with each other when scribing a plumb surface.
two typers of Callipers
hinge type
sliding type
Hinge type caliper
used to transfer measurements. some for inside and some for outside measurements.
slider type caliper
for both inside and outside measurements and can be used to transfer measurements.
Tremmel points (beam compass)
metal points that can be attached to a long metal or wooden beam. they are used to scribe a circle or an arc. circles radius is limited to the length of the beam. check before drawing
Dovetail markers
are templates for making where dovetail joints will be.
typically 1:8 angle for hardwoods and 1:6 for softwood.
Five way lazer level
has 5 lazers going up down sideways and forward
where should electronic tools be stored
in case they came in
how to treat wooden tools
wax
Framing square
body is 24”long
toung is 16” long
Star gauge
small clamps that attach to framing square to maintain a set angle. either angle of stairs or slope of roof
speed square
incorporate protractor with angles in both degrees and common imperial roof slopes for common hip/valley rafters.
Try square
used to see if a cut was accurate and square. used at work bench or to check angle of stationary power tool blades
Combo square
sliding head that moves along a steel blade.
blade is 12”ling and head has 90 and 45 degree angles on it
*can also be used as marking gauge
Sliding T bevel
has handle with slot and thin steel blade. blade is used to find any angle
Drywall T square
used to cut drywall and plywood
Testing square for accuracy
draw a line then flip square over in reverse position and new line is drawn. you’ll see a difference if square is not true.
what are chisels usually struck with
mallet
Tang handle chisel
has long point that fits into centre of handle
Socket Chisel
has a socket at one end to hold handle.
Bech chisel
used for fine woodworking
Butt Chisel
typically shorter and used for cutting hinge gains in wooden doors and door jambs.
Pairing chisel
for light duty work normally 9”long
Firmer Chesel gouges
medium duty chisel normally driven by mallet. they have semi rounded blades for gouging out grooves or concave shapes.
Corner chisel
chisel with L shaped blade. used to clean out inside corners or mortises and other square holes. or decretive V cuts
Skew chisel
have 30 degree skews and are normally used for finishing. they work well for cleaning up inside corners
Framing chisel
originally designed for timber framing. big timbers need big mortice which require a big chisel.
Hand scraper
small sharp edge to smoothly cut wood. used instead of sandpaper.
files
used for removing wood and smoothing surfaces and maintaining tools
three types of Cuts for files
- single
- doubled
- curved
Four grades
smooth
second
bastard
coarse
benefit of curved teeth on file
minimize tareout
Raps
shaping tool. similar to file but teeth are larger.
Flint
used from natural stone and has short life, not used much anymore
Garnet
natural abrasive harder then flint very sharp
Ceramic
hardest abrasive material. rough grit takes wood down quickly *mainly used in belt sanding
Silicon carbide
used to smooth plastics, glass , aluminum and brass
emery
normally used for polishing material
Coarseness
varies from 12 (coarse) to 600 (very fine)
Normal grit used by carpenters
60-150
A on back of sandpaper
meaning thin and flexable
D on back of sandpaper
stiff and ridgid
C on back of sandpaper
in between stiff and ridged
Storage of sandpaper
in a dry location. sometimes weighted so it doesn’t curl
Bar clamps
(also called F clamp) most commonly used for edge to edge gluing of boards.
Pipe clamp
similar to F clamp but use a piece of pipe instead of a rectangular steel bar
C-clamp
used for gluing stock face to face. make sure to use padding because they can omit lots of pressure.
Spring clamp
can be installed quickly and removed easily. not as much pressure.
Band clamp
also referred to as web clamp or strap clamp. consists of a band of nylon, canvas and a metal clamp. good for round or irregular shaped objects.
Hand screw clamp
also called jorgensen clamp. applies a firm even pressure of wood and other materials without need for wood padding. also can be adjusted to apply pressure at different angles
Miter clamp
can be adjusted for square or rectangular objects. ideal for assembling frames.
Quick clamp
has a handel that squeezes the clamp tight.
Hand vise
small clamp for small objects that is used to hold material while it is dangerous to be working on it
Bench vise
Bench vise
Bench Holdfast
slides into a hole on the top of a workbench as the free arm clamps down on the board bing held, lateral pressure holds the holdfast in place.
Coping saw
used to make a cope joint at inside corners of baseboards and mouldings. positions cut to be out of view and allows walls to not be square.
Chisels will make better cuts if you
- make cuts with grain of wood
- angel blade across wood
- use bevel slide to control depth of cut
Two steps to sharpening a chisel
Grinding and whetting
Grinding only when the edge becomes nicked or rounded over
whetting is done several times between grinding.
Grinding a chisel
should be done at 90 degrees to the side of blade.
- should be 80 grit aluminum oxide on grinder wheel. at 1750rpms
- DO NOT over heat. tempered steel will lose temper and require more regular sharpening
-
Procedure for grinding chisel
- check square of chisel blade
- adjust the tool rest to correct angle
- let grinder reach full speed before using it
- hold with bevel side down, firm against tool rest and slowly move toward wheel.
- after two or three passes take chisel back to avoid over heating
- continue until uniform bevel is reached across chisel
whetting (honing)
(after grinding )is used to put a second micro-bevel on the cutting edge of chisel blade. much sharper and finer then grinding wheel. should start with medium stone (800-1200) finish with fine stone (4000-8000) grit
Procedure for whetting
- stone must be well lubricated. water for water stone. oil for oil stone
- word back of chisel on flat
- then work bevel on stone
chisel storage
store carefully, wrap sharp edges in paper towel beep dry and well oiled
Brushing (sharpening) a scraper
can dull after ten minutes of work.
- old edge is filed away and wire edges removed with whetting stone.
- when steel rod is used to prepare edge to roll a small curled piece of steel to form a very sharp hook
steps for brushing an edge
- take single cut file to file off old hook.
- is wire stone is left it should be removed using medium wet stone.
- apply small amount of oil when using brushing tool. take two or three passes
- now take brushing tool and round out edges
file card
used to clean wood out of files.
storage of files
- should be cleaned with file card before being stored to prevent rust and maintain sharpness
- should not be in contact with other tools when stored
- keep oil paint and dirt out of teeth
- do not use files for anything other then filing
can files be sharpened
NO
Angle of chisel blade
25-30
Maintenance of clamps
- do not allow clamps to get rusty
- no contact with water
- always remove lumps of glue
- keep screw threads lightly lubricated
- keep straight
- store in safe dry place
- store horizontally on rack
