Buzz words GI Flashcards
Gingival Hypertrophy -> Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums →
Side effect of
Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin
Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus) →
Achalasia; if in lower GI
imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction
Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive →
acute Pancreatitis
Mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis →
I GET SMASHED: Idiopathic,
Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune, Scorpion bites/stings,
Hyperlipidaemia/hypothermia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, Drugs
Murphy’s sign positive →
Cholecystitis
Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain →
biliary obstruction
Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness →
portal hypertension + ascites
Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum →
Crohn’s/UC
“Tinkling bowel sounds” →
bowel obstruction
Sheep farming
hydatid disease
Vesicular rash + weight loss →
Coeliac Disease
. Rose spots, spots that blanch on pressure
Typhoid
Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular) →
gastric cancer
. Urea breath test →
H pylori
Cryptosporidium-
HIV/drug users/ TB pmhx
C breath test →
bacterial overgrowth
“Rice-water”-like stools →
vibrio cholera
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis →
Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)
Autoimmune hepatitis →
Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)
Alpha Feto Protein assay →
hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
‘Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa →
found in
Crohn’s Disease
Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis) →
spironolactone
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow →
diffuse oesophageal spasm
Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk →
Campylobacter
Scalloping on endoscopy =
HIV
Russell’s sign →
self induced vomiting
South east asia, thickening in small bowel folds, flocculation in barium enema =
Tropical Sprue
Mallory’s hyaline bodies →
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic
active hepatitis
Crypt abscess / cryptitis →
Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S
Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts →
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
“Signet RIng” cells seen on biopsy →
Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer
. Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure →
Ischaemic colitis
. Charcot’s triad →
acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary
to cholelithiasis.
Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL:
AAA, crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ,
malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abcess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy
Causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS:
bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia,
volvulus, intersussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture
Virchow’s node –
lymph node in left supra-clavicular fossa suggestive of gastric
malignancy
Diarrhoea -
sources of infection e.g undercooked poultry, ill grandchild
Side effect of spironlactone-
gynaecomastia
what type of mouth disease do people with Crohn’s have?
(stomatitis gangrenosum)
- replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar
epithelium with goblet cells –
barretts oesophagus/ precancer
. dukes classification –
A – confined to bowel wall, B – local spread outwith bowel
wall, C – lymph node metastases
thumb printing at splenic flexure –
ischaemic colitis
