Buzz words cardio

Question 1

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning
forward

Answer 1

Pericarditis

Question 2

Irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 2

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 3

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm →

Answer 3

Atrial Flutter

Question 4

Raised JVP/hepatojugular →

Answer 4

Right-sided heart failure

Question 5

sense of impending doom

Answer 5

MI

Question 6

Saddle shaped ST elevation →

Answer 6

Pericarditis

Question 7

Broad complex tachycardia →

Answer 7

Ventricular problem

Question 8

Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex

Answer 8

mitral stenosis

Question 9

PMHx of rheumatic fever

Answer 9

mitral stenosis

Question 10

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave) →

Answer 10

Wolff-Parkinson-White
syndrome

Question 11

. Tall, tented T waves →

Answer 11

Hyperkalaemia (and wide QRS complexes

Question 12

Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI. Relieved by sitting forward. Diffuse
saddle shaped ST elevation 

Answer 12

Dressler’s syndrome

Question 13

‘Blurred yellowing vision headache” →

Answer 13

digoxin toxicity

Question 14

Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes →

Answer 14

(Subacute bacterial) infective endocarditis

Question 15

Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur →

Answer 15

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 16

Rib Notching on CXR →

Answer 16

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 17

Crescendo decrescendo murmur →

Answer 17

Aortic Stenosis

Question 18

Slow rising pulse –

Answer 18

aortic stenosis

Question 19

Alcohol/dilated cardiomyopathy 

Answer 19

pan-systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation)

Question 20

Early diastolic murmur 

Answer 20

aortic regurgitation

Question 21

Diminished absent lower limb pulses

Answer 21

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 22

Radio-femoral delay =

Answer 22

coarctation of the aorta

Question 23

. Radio-radial delay =

Answer 23

coarctation or aortic dissection

Question 24

Systolic murmur, radiates to the neck 

Answer 24

aortic stenosis

Question 25

. Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to back 

Answer 25

aortic dissection

Question 26

. Soft S1 =

Answer 26

mitral regurgitation

Question 27

. Soft S2 =

Answer 27

aortic stenosis

Question 28

‘Jones criteria’; migratory polyarthiritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema
marginatum of skin =

Answer 28

rheumatic heart disease

Question 29

Mitral stenosis caused by CRAP:

Answer 29

congenital, rheumatic and prosthetic valve

Question 30

Mitral stenosis =

Answer 30

mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

Question 31

. Tetralogy of fallot =

Answer 31

RVH, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and overriding aorta. Commonest cause of congenital cyanotic heart disease

Question 32

Side effect of ACEI-

Answer 32

dry cough, Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis

Question 33

. Collapsing pulse –

Answer 33

aortic regurgitation

Question 34

slow rising pulse –

Answer 34

aortic stenosis

Question 35

. splinter haemorrhages –

Answer 35

infective endocarditis

Question 36

Atrial myxoma -

Answer 36

a noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart;
most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart

Question 37

Cardiac tamponade -

Answer 37

collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the
heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions. Medical emergency.

Question 38

Treatment of pericarditis -

Answer 38

pain relief; NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug

Question 39

. Reactive arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis =

Answer 39

Aortic
regurgitation

Question 40

Left sided heart failure on examination = MAT CAT.

Answer 40

Mitral regurgitation, apex
displaced, tachycardic, crackles bilateral and basal, auscultation 3rd heart sound,
tachypnoea.

Question 41

Triphasic systolic and diastolic murmur=

Answer 41

acute pericarditis

Question 42

Distended heart sounds/muffled heart sounds, distended JVP, low blood pressure=

Answer 42

cardiac tamponade

Question 43

Bicuspid valve-

Answer 43

aortic stenosis

Question 44

Causes of Atrial Fibrillation -

Answer 44

A - Alcohol
T - Thyroid problems
R - Rheumatic fever
I - Idiopathic
A - Atrial myxoma
L - Lung (P.E, emphysema)
F - Pheochromocytoma
I - Ischaemia
B - Blood pressure

Question 45

4 H’s and 4T’s for reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 45

Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hyperkalaemia/hypokalaemia
Hypoxia
Tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Thromboembolism
Toxin