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My flashcards > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

do enzymes affect the position of the equilibrium?

A

no, they speed up the rate at which a reaction reaches equilibrium

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2
Q

what do enzymes do to the activation energy?

A

enzymes lower the activation energy

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3
Q

enzymes with a cofactor are called

A

holoenzyme

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4
Q

enzymes without a cofactor

A

apoenzyme

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5
Q

protein kinases carry out which reaction

A

phosphorylation reactions

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6
Q

Vmax

A

maximum rate of reaction at unlimited substrate concentration

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7
Q

Km

A

50% Vmax

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8
Q

competitive inhibitor

A

binds to active site, Vmax remains same, Km varies

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9
Q

non-competitive inhibitor

A

binds to site other than active site, Km remains same, Vmax varies

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10
Q

nucleoside

A

base and sugar

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11
Q

nucleotide

A

nucleoside and phosphate group

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12
Q

purines

A

adenine and guanine

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13
Q

pyrimidines

A

uracil, cytosine, thymine

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14
Q

eukaryotic cells have three types of polymerases

A

pol I, pol II, pol III

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15
Q

pol II

A

synthesises all mRNA

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16
Q

transcription stages

A

RNA polymerase binding
DNA chain separation
transcription initiation
elongation
termination

17
Q

translation stages

A

initiation, elongation, termination

18
Q

3 tRNA binding sites

A

exit, peptidyl, aminoacyl

19
Q

degenerate

A

many amino acids have more than one codon

20
Q

unambiguous

A

each codon codes only for one amino acid

21
Q

glycolysis

A

conversion of glucose to pyruvate

22
Q

what is the net gain of ATP per glucose

A

4 ATP

23
Q

which kinase phosphorylates glucose

A

hexokinase

24
Q

which kinase phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate

A

phosphofructokinase

25
Q

what does pyruvate kinase do?

A

converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

26
Q

phosphofructokinase

A

key enzyme in control of glycolysis

27
Q

negative modulators

A

ATP
citrate
H+

28
Q

positive modulators

A

AMP
fructose-2
6-biphosphate

29
Q

NAD in glycolysis

A

NAD+ reduced to NADH + H+

30
Q

from each acetyl-coA, TCA cycle generates

A

3 NADH + H+
1 FADH2
1 GTP
2 CO2

31
Q

standard redox potential

A

a measure of how readily a substance donates an electron
negative= reduced form of x has lower affinity for electrons than hydrogen
positive= reduced form of X has higher affinity for electrons than hydrogen

32
Q

inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation

A

cyanide
azide
CO

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