Burns

Question 1

The skin can tolerate heat up to __C without injury occurring

Answer 1

44

Question 2

The most common source of scald related deaths is what?

Answer 2

Tap water

Question 3

____, ____ ____, and ____have less resistance than bone or fat and are more easily damaged.

Answer 3

Nerves, blood vessels, and muscles have less resistance than bone or fat and are more easily damaged.

Question 4

____ usually cause more tissue damage than ____

Fill in the blanks with alkalis and acids in the correct order

Answer 4

Alkalis usually cause more tissue damage than acids

Question 5

Name three zones of burn damage

Answer 5

Zones of damage

The central zone of coagulation

The zone of stasis

The zone of hyperemia

Question 6

Describe the Zones of damage

The central zone of coagulation

Answer 6

The central zone of coagulation is an area of irreversible damage

Question 7

Describe the zone of stasis

Answer 7

The zone of stasis surrounds the central zone, capillary and small vessels occur, this area has the potential to be salvaged

Question 8

Describe the zone of hyperemia

Answer 8

The zone of hyperemia is an area of superficial damage that can recover in 7 to 10 days if infection of profound shock do not develop

Question 9

The depth and severity of a burn may not be known for __ or more days after the initial injury

Answer 9

2

Question 10

____ shifts to the affected area along with the release of ____ ____

Answer 10

Fluid shifts to the affected area along with the release of proinflammatory mediators.

Question 11

When the affected total body surface ara exceeds __ percent, local tissue responses can produce major systemic effects and life-threatening hypovolemia

Answer 11

20

Question 12

With large burns, the overwhelming inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis can continue and constantly be ____. The cytokine activity creates a state of exaggerated or reactivated inflammation that includes organ involvement such as
(3)

Answer 12

Reactivated

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

Question 13

Smoke inhalation is a syndrome that comprises several distinct problemssuch as
(4)

Answer 13

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Cyanide poisoning

Upper airway obstruction

Chemical injury to the lower airways and lung parenchyma

Question 14

The depth of a burn may increase due to the forming of edema and compromised circulation. This process usually peaks at __ hours, therefore burn depth can be more accurately determined __ to __ hours after the injury.

Answer 14

48
48
72

Question 15

Superficial burns; erythema, pain, dry appearance, blanching. The epidermis is intact, and these wounds heal in __ to __ days.

Answer 15

3

5

Question 16

____ ____ erythema, pain, dry appearance, blanching. The epidermis is intact, and these wounds heal in 3 to 5 days.

Answer 16

Superficial burns

Question 17

____ ____ burns; extends into the dermal layer of the skin and are characterized by moist appearance, blisters that may be disrupted, erythema, pain. Wound healing may take more than 3 weeks.

Answer 17

Partial thickness burns

Question 18

Partial thickness burns; Wound healing may take more than __ ____.

Answer 18

3 weeks

Question 19

____ ____(____ degree) burns involve the destruction of the entire thickness of the epidermis and dermis. ____ is present, and these wounds require skin grafting.

Answer 19

Full thickness (third degree)
Eschar

Question 20

Some burn classifications include a ____ degree burn, that penetrates through the subdermal layer and subcutaneous tissue into fat, muscle, and bone

Answer 20

Fourth

Question 21

To estimate scatter burns in a patient of any age, use the patients palm to represent __ ____ of the total body surface area

Answer 21

1 percent

Question 22

____ and ____ chart; used in most hospital settings and specialized burn centers

Answer 22

Lund and Browder

Question 23

Transfer Criteria

Should be transferred to burn center if they have
6

Answer 23

Partial or full thickness burns on greater than 10% of the body surface area

Burns that involve the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum. Or major joints

Third degree in any age group

Electrical burns, including lightning injury

Chemical burns

Inhalation injury

Question 24

Cyanide poisoning
Taylor Cyanide antidote package; includes

____ nitrate and ____ nitrate to induce methemoglobinemia

Sodium thiosulfate to act as a ____ ____

Answer 24

Amyl nitrate
sodium nitrate methemoglobinemia

Sodium thiosulfate to act as a sulfur donor

Question 25

____ kit contains hydroxocobalamin, which reacts with cyanide to form concomitant ____ ____ ____.

Answer 25

CYANOKIT

carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 26

Circulation; burns

Observe for signs of volume compromise, including
MAP of less than __
SBP __ - __
Hematocrit of more than __mg/dl
Manifestations of ____
Urine output of less than __ ml/kg per hour in an adult, or less than __ to __ in pediatric.

Answer 26

MAP 60
SBP 90 - 120
Hematocrit of more than 50mg/dl
Manifestations of ileus
Urine output of less than 0.5 ml/kg per hour in an adult, or less than 1 to 1.5 in pediatric.

Question 27

Wound care; burns
Immediately Irrigate chemical burns with tap water or NSS for at least __ to __ minutes

Use of betadine may ____ healing

Answer 27

5
10
Delay