Burns Flashcards
The skin can tolerate heat up to __C without injury occurring
44
The most common source of scald related deaths is what?
Tap water
____, ____ ____, and ____have less resistance than bone or fat and are more easily damaged.
Nerves, blood vessels, and muscles have less resistance than bone or fat and are more easily damaged.
____ usually cause more tissue damage than ____
Fill in the blanks with alkalis and acids in the correct order
Alkalis usually cause more tissue damage than acids
Name three zones of burn damage
Zones of damage
The central zone of coagulation
The zone of stasis
The zone of hyperemia
Describe the Zones of damage
The central zone of coagulation
The central zone of coagulation is an area of irreversible damage
Describe the zone of stasis
The zone of stasis surrounds the central zone, capillary and small vessels occur, this area has the potential to be salvaged
Describe the zone of hyperemia
The zone of hyperemia is an area of superficial damage that can recover in 7 to 10 days if infection of profound shock do not develop
The depth and severity of a burn may not be known for __ or more days after the initial injury
2
____ shifts to the affected area along with the release of ____ ____
Fluid shifts to the affected area along with the release of proinflammatory mediators.
When the affected total body surface ara exceeds __ percent, local tissue responses can produce major systemic effects and life-threatening hypovolemia
20
With large burns, the overwhelming inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis can continue and constantly be ____. The cytokine activity creates a state of exaggerated or reactivated inflammation that includes organ involvement such as
(3)
Reactivated
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
Smoke inhalation is a syndrome that comprises several distinct problemssuch as
(4)
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Cyanide poisoning
Upper airway obstruction
Chemical injury to the lower airways and lung parenchyma
The depth of a burn may increase due to the forming of edema and compromised circulation. This process usually peaks at __ hours, therefore burn depth can be more accurately determined __ to __ hours after the injury.
48
48
72
Superficial burns; erythema, pain, dry appearance, blanching. The epidermis is intact, and these wounds heal in __ to __ days.
3
5
____ ____ erythema, pain, dry appearance, blanching. The epidermis is intact, and these wounds heal in 3 to 5 days.
Superficial burns
____ ____ burns; extends into the dermal layer of the skin and are characterized by moist appearance, blisters that may be disrupted, erythema, pain. Wound healing may take more than 3 weeks.
Partial thickness burns
Partial thickness burns; Wound healing may take more than __ ____.
3 weeks
____ ____(____ degree) burns involve the destruction of the entire thickness of the epidermis and dermis. ____ is present, and these wounds require skin grafting.
Full thickness (third degree) Eschar
Some burn classifications include a ____ degree burn, that penetrates through the subdermal layer and subcutaneous tissue into fat, muscle, and bone
Fourth
To estimate scatter burns in a patient of any age, use the patients palm to represent __ ____ of the total body surface area
1 percent
____ and ____ chart; used in most hospital settings and specialized burn centers
Lund and Browder
Transfer Criteria
Should be transferred to burn center if they have
6
Partial or full thickness burns on greater than 10% of the body surface area
Burns that involve the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum. Or major joints
Third degree in any age group
Electrical burns, including lightning injury
Chemical burns
Inhalation injury
Cyanide poisoning
Taylor Cyanide antidote package; includes
____ nitrate and ____ nitrate to induce methemoglobinemia
Sodium thiosulfate to act as a ____ ____
Amyl nitrate
sodium nitrate methemoglobinemia
Sodium thiosulfate to act as a sulfur donor
____ kit contains hydroxocobalamin, which reacts with cyanide to form concomitant ____ ____ ____.
CYANOKIT
carbon monoxide poisoning
Circulation; burns
Observe for signs of volume compromise, including
MAP of less than __
SBP __ - __
Hematocrit of more than __mg/dl
Manifestations of ____
Urine output of less than __ ml/kg per hour in an adult, or less than __ to __ in pediatric.
MAP 60 SBP 90 - 120 Hematocrit of more than 50mg/dl Manifestations of ileus Urine output of less than 0.5 ml/kg per hour in an adult, or less than 1 to 1.5 in pediatric.
Wound care; burns
Immediately Irrigate chemical burns with tap water or NSS for at least __ to __ minutes
Use of betadine may ____ healing
5
10
Delay
