Burns

Question 0

Describe causes of burns

Answer 0

Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Radiation

Question 1

Three Zones created in a Burn Injury

Answer 1

Zone of Coagulation: inner most area or the burn. Tissue non-viable as coagulation necrosis of the tissue has occurred.

Zone of Stasis: area next to the zone of coagulation. Tissue is potentially viable if the ischemia (from clotting and vasocontstriction) can be reversed within the next 24/48hrs

Zone of Hyperaemia: most peripheral area to the burn. Increased blood flow due to inflammatory response. Heal within 7-10days providing no infection

Question 2

Describe Classification of Burns

Answer 2

Superfical: limited to epidermis
Red, Painful, Dry
Blanch with pressure
E.g Sunburn

Partial: Epidermis ➡️ Dermis
Wet, Painful, Blistered
Altered sensation if reached basal layer where nerve ending lie

Full Thickness: Epidermis ➡️ Dermis➡️ Vasculature ➡️ Nerve endings
White, charred, leathery, Pain free Area around may be painful.

Question 3

Measuring Guides for Burns

Answer 3

Rule of Nines:
Adults: 
Head: 9
Torre: 18
Back: 18
Arm front n back: 9
Genitals: 1
Legs Front n Back: 18

Child
Head:

Question 4

4 phases of Burns Shock

Answer 4

1. Emergent
2. Fluid shift
3. Resolution
4. Hypermetobolic

Question 5

S&S suspect Airway Burns (9)

Answer 5

1. Facial burns
2. Singed nasal or facial hairs
3. Carbonaceous sputum
4. Oedema to face, oropharyngeal cavity, or both
5. Signs of hypoxaemia
6. Hoarse Voice
7. Stridor
8. Brassy cough
9. Grunting respirations

Question 6

Why is early recognition/suspicion of airway burns important?

Answer 6

Lead to rapid oedema and airway obstruction

Question 7

Fluid Regime for Burns Adults

Answer 7

25% TBSA = 1lt STAT, 1lt over 1hour

Question 8

Fluid Regime for Burns PEADS

Answer 8

> 10% TBSA and > 30mins transportation ED = 10ml/kg/hr

Question 9

How long should a burn be irrigated for?

Answer 9

20mins minimum

Question 10

Which burns Time Critical?

Answer 10

1. Any burn > 15% TBSA in Adult 10% child
2. > 10% TBSA - full thickness burns
3. Circumferential burns
4. Disease complications
5. Burns to airway, hand, feet, genitalia, face, ears
6. Electrical Burns
7. Deep Chemical Burns
8. Infants, elderly n infirm