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B&B 4 > BS > Flashcards

BS Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitter

A
  • Electrical signal to chemical

- Released at end of nerve fiber, diffuses across synapse and causes impulse transmitter

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2
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A
  • Axon near presynaptic membrane

- Releases neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft

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3
Q

Node of ranvier

A

Gap in myelin sheath of nerve fiber

- Where diffusion occurs

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4
Q

Saltutory conduction

A

Propagation of action potential along myelin between nodes of ranvier

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5
Q

Neuromodulator

A
  • Potentiator or inhibitor of nerve transmission
  • Modify effect of transmitters
  • Not means of transmission
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6
Q

Autoreceptor

A
  • Neurotransmitter receptor at presynaptic terminal of same neuron
  • Self regulation
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7
Q

Heteroreceptor

A
  • Binding site of neuromodulator created by a different neuron
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8
Q

Inotropic receptor (ligand gated channels)

A
  • Binding of neurotransmitter causes conformational change allowing ions to pass through
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9
Q

Metabotropic receptors

A
  • Signal transduction

- Indirectly linked receptors that begin signal cascade, G proteins

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10
Q

G coupled protein receptors

A
  • Metabotropic receptors
  • Activate signal transduction pathways
  • React to light sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones
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11
Q

Homologus desensitization

A
  • Decreased response with high concentrations of agonist
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12
Q

Heterologus desensitization

A
  • Repeated stimulation causes broad desensitization of many agonists
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13
Q

Reuptake

A
  • Reabsorption of neurotransmitter at presynaptic terminal

- Neurotransmitter recycling

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14
Q

Amino acids

A
  • Glutamate
  • GABA
  • gylcine
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15
Q

Monoamines

A
  • Norepi
  • Epi
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin
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16
Q

Neuropeptides

A
  • Large molecules transmitters
  • Substance P
  • Encephalin
  • Vasopressin
17
Q

Glutamate

A
  • Excitatory
  • Inotropic and metabotropic receptors
  • Permits influx of Na and K- fast excitatory post-synapse response
  • Synth in Krebs or nerve terminals
  • Release: Ca+ dependent exocytosis
18
Q

GABA

A
  • Inhibitory, mediates presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition
  • Synth from glutamate
  • Decreases Ca+ influx
19
Q

Glycine

A
  • Inhibitory
  • CA++ dépendant
  • Increase Cl- conductance
20
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • Both
  • Synth in nerve terminal cytoplasm
  • Released when impulse triggers Ca++ into terminal
  • Must be rapidly removed for depolarization to occur
  • hydrolysis in cleft
21
Q

Norepi

A
  • Excitatory
  • Synth from tyrosine
  • Sympathetic postganglionic endings
  • alpha, beta adrenergic receptors
22
Q

Epi

A
  • Excitatory
  • Released via exocytosis
  • Act on beta and alpha receptors
23
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Both
  • Secreted at synaptic cleft
  • acts on the nigrostriatal system within basal ganglia
  • Motor control, reward
24
Q

Serotonin

A
  • Inhibitory
  • Synth from tryptophan
  • Released from vesicles in serotonergic neurons
  • Highest concentration platelets, GI tract, raphe nuclei
  • Mood stabilization
  • Balances excessive excitatory firing
25
Q

Substance P

A
  • Both
  • 11 amino acid residues
  • Regulated pain signal transmission from spinal cord to brain
  • Potent arterial vasodialtor, venous contractor mediates NO
  • Stimulates salivary glands, diuresis
26
Q

Mu opioid receptors

A
  • Endorphins
  • Brain, spinal and GI tract
  • Resp depression, constipation, spinal analgesia
  • Increased secretion of growth hormone, prolactin
  • Miosis
  • Euphoria
27
Q

Kappa receptor

A
  • Enkephalins
  • Brain and spinal cord
  • Spinal analgesia
  • Diuresis
  • Sedation, dysphoria
  • Miosis
28
Q

Gamma opioid receptor

A
  • Dynorphins
  • Brain
  • Physical dependence
  • Antidepressant
  • Convulsions
  • Spinal analgesia
29
Q

Nitric oxide

A
  • Vasodilation
  • Smooth muscle relaxation
  • Endothelial tissue
30
Q

Cannabinoids

A
  • THC
  • Short term euphoria, altered sensory perception
  • Receptors in brain and periphery, pain tx?
31
Q

Somatostatin

A
  • Hypothalamus and pancreas
  • Inhibitor- insulin, glucagon, gastrin, GH and TSH
  • Decreased gut motility,

B&B 4 (12 decks)

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