Brucella spp.

Question 1

Structure

Answer 1

Cocci or short rod, gram-negative, non-motile bacteria

Question 2

Family

Answer 2

Fastidious aerobes

Question 3

Fastidious aerobes

Answer 3

require special conditions and substances for their growth

Question 4

B. abortus

Answer 4

cattle, bison, elk, Asian buffalo

Question 5

B. suis

Answer 5

swine, cattle, caribou, reindeer, european hare, rodents

Question 6

B. canis

Answer 6

domestic dogs, coyotes, foxes

Question 7

B. ceti

Answer 7

cetaceans

Question 8

B. pinnipedialis

Answer 8

pinnipeds

Question 9

Zoonotic types

Answer 9

B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, and B pinnipedialis

Question 10

Which strand is most widespread

Answer 10

B. abortus

Question 11

Main reservoirs

Answer 11

wild ungulates and domestic species

Question 12

Transmission methods

Answer 12

ingestion, inhalation, and direct contact through skin abrasions and mucous membranes
shed in milk, urine, or semen

Question 13

B. abortus main transmission method

Answer 13

licking and ingestion of fetal membranes or aborted fetus, and of uterine discharge

Question 14

Is chronic infection possible

Answer 14

yes, found in aborted fetuses and full-term offspring, can have reinvasion after birth

Question 15

Pathogenesis

Answer 15

one in body-> replicates in vacoules in macrophages, dendritic celled, and placental trophoblasts
crosses mucous membrane->phagocytized-> disseminates to to urogenital and lymphoid tissues -> come resistance to bactericidal properties-> replication

Question 16

Pathogenesis phases

Answer 16

Incubation
Acute
Chronic

Question 17

Acute

Answer 17

invades and disseminates into host’s tissue

Question 18

chronic

Answer 18

severe organ damage and death of host organism

Question 19

Incubation

Answer 19

2-4 weeks

Question 20

Abortion rate

Answer 20

30-80%

Question 21

Clinical signs

Answer 21

abortions, stillbirths, weak offspring at birth, decreased lactation, orchitis, infertility, inflammation of joints

Question 22

Clinical signs in marine animal

Answer 22

neurological
disorientation, ataxia, tremors, seizures

Question 23

Pathologic Lesions in fetuses

Answer 23

serohemorrhagic fluid in body cavities, fibrinous plueritis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, in the placenta is edematous and placentomes have necrosis and or hemorrhage

Question 24

Pathologic lesions male reproductive tract

Answer 24

abscesses, inflammatory lesions, atrophy

Question 25

Pathologic lesions female reproductive tract

Answer 25

uterine nodules, abscesses, fibrinous necrotic, exudate, and hemorrhage

Question 26

Pathologic lesions

Answer 26

lymph nodes, liver, spleen, mammary glands, joints, tendon sheaths and bones have granulomatous inflammation
hygromas, cloudy CSF, hyperemia of meninges

Question 27

Diagnostics

Answer 27

Serological tests: bison need multiple for confirmation
PCR, MALDI-TOF
Histopath slides with Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Bacterial isolation using cultures
ELISA, serum agglutination test

Question 28

Treatment

Answer 28

antibiotics, culling infected animals

Question 29

Management

Answer 29

REPORTABLE DISEASE
-avoid putting new herds in contaminated environments
-vaccination of domestic species
-treatment of sick animals
-decontamination of farming lands

Question 30

Bison Management Plan

Answer 30

-national park service prevents bison from leaving park during periods when they could come in contact with susceptible cattle
-allow some negative bison to move off park onto areas used by cattle during winter
-untested bison will be allowed in areas overlapping with cattle-> must be back in park before cattle released into area