Avian Influenza

Question 1

Virus/Bacteria/Fungus/Parasite

Answer 1

Virus

Question 2

What family is it in?

Answer 2

Orthomyxoviridae

Question 3

What is it’s structure?

Answer 3

Enveloped, negative sense ssRNA

Question 4

Types of Avian Influenza

Answer 4

A(H5N1), AA(H5N2),
A(H5N3), A(H5N4), A(H5N5),
A(H5N6), A(H5N7), A(H5N8),
and A(H5N9)

Question 5

H stands for

Answer 5

hemagglutinin

Question 6

N stands for

Answer 6

neuroaminidase

Question 7

Can the virus persist in environments for a long time?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

Most common species

Answer 8

humans, horses, pigs, canids, felids, some mustelids, and a wide variety of birds

Question 9

Most common birds

Answer 9

waterfowl

Question 10

Transmission Cycle

Answer 10

Bird->Bird directly through airborne and indirectly through fecal contamination of material(water and soil), feathers, or feed

Question 11

Fomite

Answer 11

an object that can harbor a pathogen

Question 12

Pathogenesis

Answer 12

types classified as low and high pathogenic
-Virus inhaled/ingested-> binds to receptors in respiratory tract or intestinal cells-> varied time between infection and presentation-> incites inflammatory process of immune system-> can lead to respiratory failure and death

Question 13

Incubation period

Answer 13

1-7, up to 14 for entire flock

Question 14

Time leading to viral shedding

Answer 14

4.5-18.5 days

Question 15

Does is do better in drier or wetter environments?

Answer 15

wetter, it is infectious in water for about 32 days

Question 16

Clinical Signs in Birds

Answer 16

lethargy, inappetence, ataxia, purple discoloration/swelling in multiple parts of body, diarrhea, nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, reduced production or abnormal eggs

Question 17

Wild birds are often asymptomatic

Answer 17

true in well established versions, new versions can cause quick and rampant death

Question 18

Clinical signs in mammals

Answer 18

many similar to avian but also vomiting, difficulty breathing, and muscle aches

Question 19

Pathologic lesions

Answer 19

splenic and pancreatic necrosis, hemorrhage or petechiation of GI tissues and muscles(proventriculus and abdominal body wall areas), ascites in domesticated fowl, cyanosis of comb and/or feet

Question 20

Testing

Answer 20

Agar gel immunodiffusion(AGID): influenza A matrix or nucleoprotein antigens
ELISA: reaction with antibodies of H and N proteins

Question 21

Treatment

Answer 21

Supportive care, antibodies for secondary infections

Question 22

Management

Answer 22

lethal removal of wildlife in NOT recommended-> domesticated flocks will often be culled
-Still standing water: drain any that pools on property, avoid driving through puddles, avoid use of surface water in poultry care, ensure ponds cleaned and has wild fowl deterrents
-Cover waste
-secure buildings
-keep food sources locked away
-proper PPE when handling domestic fowl