Bluetongue Virus

Question 1

Family

Answer 1

Reoviridae

Question 2

Structure

Answer 2

double-layered protein capsid with dsRNA

Question 3

Reservoir Hosts

Answer 3

Domestic Cattle
Sheep, goats, buffalo, deer, African antelope, camels

Question 4

Mortality

Answer 4

<30% but susceptible populations can be 50-90%

Question 5

Incubation time

Answer 5

4-6 days

Question 6

Clinical Signs

Answer 6

-edema of lips, nose, face, submandibular area, eyelids, and ears
-congestion of mouth, nose, nasal cavities, conjunctiva, and coronary bands
-lameness, depression
-swelling of tongue with secondary cyanosis
-abnormal wool growth resulting from dermatitis
-fever, tachypnea

Question 7

Subclinical in Domestic species

Answer 7

severe hemorrhage and sudden death in white-tailed deer and pronghorn antelope

Question 8

Pathologic Lesion

Answer 8

-petechiae, ecchymoses, or hemorrhages in wall of base of pulmonary artery
-focal necrosis of papillary muscle of left ventricle
-intramuscular edema, skeletal muscle necrosis, pericarditis, pneumonia

Question 9

Diagnostics

Answer 9

necropsy findings, PCR, ELISA, Serotype-specific virus neutralization tests

Question 10

Management

Answer 10

vaccination of domestic sheep (during outbreaks will isolate and re-vaccinate to prevent spread)
insecticides to control midges