Brucella

Question 1

Is Brucella reportable?

Answer 1

YES

Question 2

Brucella requires _____ for survival

Answer 2

animal host

*DOES NOT DO WELL IN ENVIRONMENT

Question 3

What areas of the body are Brucella most associated with?

Answer 3

Reticuloendothelial and genital tract

Question 4

What is the common manifestation of Brucella?

Answer 4

Abortion

Orchitis-inflammation of testicle

Question 5

Brucella likes to cause ____

Answer 5

abortions

Question 6

True/False: Brucella can cause mastitis

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Brucella uses a type ___ secretion system for ____ survival

Answer 7

type IV secretion system

intramacrophage survival

Question 8

smooth colonies of Brucella are more ___ than rough colonies

Answer 8

more virulent

Question 9

What is the most common route of transmission for Brucella?

Answer 9

Ingestion

*tissue and fluid associated with abortion can also be infective

Question 10

True/False: Brucella can be transmitted in utero to progeny and vererally

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Brucella Pathogenesis:

Answer 11

1. Brucella penetrates intact mucosal surfaces
2. macrophage uptake
3. intracelluar survival (type 4 secretion system)
4. localization in retiuclo-endothelial system and reproductive tract
5. abortion

Question 12

What kind of inflammation does Brucella cause?

Answer 12

Granulomatous

*A lot of macrophages in the area

Question 13

Brucella Melitensis can lead to what?

Answer 13

Necrotic Cotyledon

Question 14

What does Brucella cause in males?

Answer 14

enlargment of epididymis- painful scrotum

orchitis

Question 15

True/False: once a female has an abortion they are normally immune from Brucella

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Anytime you think Brucella, think ______

Answer 16

ABORTION

Question 17

What are some of the common extragenital manifestation of Brucella?

Answer 17

Swine- arthritis

Dogs- meningoencephalitis, osteomyelitis

Cattle: hygromas (callus of the knee cap)

Horses: poll evil- not common at all

picture: hyogroma in the knee cap of a cow

Question 18

What is an extragenital manifestation of Brucella in humans?

Answer 18

Undulant Fever

Question 19

How do humans usually aquire Brucella?

Answer 19

handling tissue containing Brucella

ex. aborted fetuses, fluids, non pasteurized milk

*Veterinarians are at risk

Question 20

What is the main species of Brucella that can infect humans?

Answer 20

Brucella Melitensis

Question 21

___ animals are more susceptible to Brucella

Answer 21

Mature

Question 22

How to control Brucella infection in a swine herd?

Answer 22

do not have breeding swine confined to same pen

eliminate infected boars

minimize exposure to aborted tissues

Question 23

True/False: Brucella mainly effects younger individuals

Answer 23

False

*older individuals are more susceptible

Question 24

What is the unique way that dogs can spread Brucella?

Answer 24

urine

Question 25

Do antibodies help with Brucella infections?

Answer 25

low levels- kill bacteria high levels- interfere with complement

Question 26

Brucella likes to live inside \_\_\_\_

Answer 26

phagocytes

Question 27

Effective immunity to Brucella is primarily \_\_\_\_

Answer 27

cell mediated

Question 28

What Brucella species infectes what animals?

Answer 28

B. abortus- Cattle B. suis- Swine B. Melitensis- Goats and sheep B. canis- dogs

Question 29

What is the best sample for diagnosis of Brucella?

Answer 29

Fetal contents

Question 30

What vaccines are available for Dogs and Swine with Brucella?

Answer 30

no vaccines for dogs and swine

Question 31

True/False: great care should be employed when working with tissues and fluids infected with Brucella

Answer 31

True \*Be very careful

Question 32

True/False: Gram stain is the best way to diagnose Brucella

Answer 32

False Immunofluorescence is the best way \*Slow and hard to grow in agar

Question 33

True/False: Brucella is hemolytic

Answer 33

False \*non hemolytic

Question 34

True/False: Brucella is urease positive

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Brucella ____ ring test is positive if a purple ring develops

Answer 35

milk \*purple ring develops in top of cream

Question 36

What is the best treatment for Brucella in livestock?

Answer 36

No treatment for Brucella is attempted in livestock! \*potential problems of maintaining infected animals during eradication programs

Question 37

What is the best treatment for Brucella in dogs?

Answer 37

neutering affected animals antibiotic therapy

Question 38

What are the different ways to prevent Brucella?

Answer 38

Immunization alone- reduces abortions but does not eradicate bacteria Immunization followed by test and slaughter- if females are postive they are killed Testing and removal of infected animals without immunization- depopulation of entire swine, sheep or goat population is a good way to get the bacteria under control