Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Question 1

what is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Answer 1

a species that donates a proton

Question 2

what is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

Answer 2

a species that accepts a proton

Question 3

what are conjugate base pairs?

Answer 3

• in a reversible reaction there is a species that is donating a proton and another species which accepts a proton
• they are called acid 1 and base 1

Question 4

what are the conjugate base pairs in this reaction?
HA + B <–> BH+ + A-

Answer 4

HA = acid 1
A- = base 1
B = base 2
BH+ = acid 2

Question 5

what are the conjugate base pairs in this reaction?
HCl + OH- <–> H2O + Cl-

Answer 5

HCl = acid 1
Cl- = base 1
OH- = base 2
H2O = acid 2

Question 6

what are monobasic acids?

Answer 6

an acid that has one proton per molecule

Question 7

what are dibasic acids?

Answer 7

an acid that has two protons per molecule

Question 8

what are tribasic acids?

Answer 8

an acid that has three protons per molecule

Question 9

when can water act as a base?

Answer 9

• HCl can donate a proton to water, so the water acts as a base

Question 10

what does HCl + H2O produce and what happens?

Answer 10

H3O+ + Cl-
- water accepts a proton, so is acting as a base
- H2O has accepted the proton to form conjugate acid H3O+

Question 11

what is the conjugate acid formed from HCl and H2O called?

Answer 11

H3O+
hydronium ion

Question 12

would H3O+ still be formed if H2O was not present?

Answer 12

yes because the HCl is in aqueous

Question 13

what does an acid and metal form?

Answer 13

salt and hydrogen

Question 14

what does an acid and metal oxide form?

Answer 14

salt and water

Question 15

what does an acid and alkali form?

Answer 15

salt and water

Question 16

what does an acid and metal carbonate form?

Answer 16

salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 17

what are the steps to working out an ionic equation?

Answer 17

• balance the equation
• write down the ions present ONLY in aqueous solutions
• cancel out the spectator ions

Question 18

write the ionic equation for
HCl + Mg –>MgCl2 + H2

Answer 18

2H+(aq) + Mg(s) –> Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)

Question 19

what state are acids usually?

Answer 19

aqueous

Question 20

what state are salts usually?

Answer 20

aqueous

Question 21

what state are metals usually?

Answer 21

solid

Question 22

what state are metal oxides usually?

Answer 22

solid

Question 23

what state are alkalis usually?

Answer 23

aqueous

Question 24

what state are metal carbonates usually?

Answer 24

solid/aqueous