Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Flashcards
what is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
a species that donates a proton
what is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
a species that accepts a proton
what are conjugate base pairs?
- in a reversible reaction there is a species that is donating a proton and another species which accepts a proton
- they are called acid 1 and base 1
what are the conjugate base pairs in this reaction?
HA + B <–> BH+ + A-
HA = acid 1
A- = base 1
B = base 2
BH+ = acid 2
what are the conjugate base pairs in this reaction?
HCl + OH- <–> H2O + Cl-
HCl = acid 1
Cl- = base 1
OH- = base 2
H2O = acid 2
what are monobasic acids?
an acid that has one proton per molecule
what are dibasic acids?
an acid that has two protons per molecule
what are tribasic acids?
an acid that has three protons per molecule
when can water act as a base?
- HCl can donate a proton to water, so the water acts as a base
what does HCl + H2O produce and what happens?
H3O+ + Cl-
- water accepts a proton, so is acting as a base
- H2O has accepted the proton to form conjugate acid H3O+
what is the conjugate acid formed from HCl and H2O called?
H3O+
hydronium ion
would H3O+ still be formed if H2O was not present?
yes because the HCl is in aqueous
what does an acid and metal form?
salt and hydrogen
what does an acid and metal oxide form?
salt and water
what does an acid and alkali form?
salt and water
what does an acid and metal carbonate form?
salt, water and carbon dioxide
what are the steps to working out an ionic equation?
- balance the equation
- write down the ions present ONLY in aqueous solutions
- cancel out the spectator ions
write the ionic equation for
HCl + Mg –>MgCl2 + H2
2H+(aq) + Mg(s) –> Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)
what state are acids usually?
aqueous
what state are salts usually?
aqueous
what state are metals usually?
solid
what state are metal oxides usually?
solid
what state are alkalis usually?
aqueous
what state are metal carbonates usually?
solid/aqueous
