Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Autocoids And Respiratory System > Bronchial Asthma > Flashcards

Bronchial Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Classify antiasthmatic drugs

A
  1. Bronchodilators
    a) sympathomimetics
    i)selective beta2 adrenergic agonist
    ii) nonselective
    b)methylxanthines
    c)anti-cholinergics
  2. leukotriene receptor antagonist
  3. mast cell stabilizer
  4. glucocorticoids
    a) inhaled glucocorticoids
    b)systemic glucocorticoids
  5. anti IgE mono clonal antibody
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name selected beta 2 adrenergic agonist used for asthma

A
  1. Albuterol
  2. salbutamol 
  3. Terbutaline
  4. Bambuterol
  5. Salmenterol
  6. Formoterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name nonselective sympathomimetic used in asthma

A

Adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sympathomimetics

A

After by stimulating Beta2 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscles and mast cells. Increase in cAMP. Causes:
1. Bronchodilation
2. inhibits the release of histamine, SRS-A from mast cells
3. promote mucocillary clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the side effects of selective beta2 adrenergic agonist

A
  1. Tremor
  2. tachycardia
  3. palpitations
  4. hypokalaemia
  5. rarely cardiac arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthines

A

The inhibit phosphodiesterase which increases cAMP and cGMP By preventing their degradation. which causes:
1. bronchodilation
2. inhibition of release of histamine and SRS-A from mast cells
3? improves mucocillary clearance and respiratory passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name methylxanthines drugs

A
  1. Theophylline 
  2. Aminophylline
  3. Etophylline
  4. Doxophylline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the adverse effects of methylxanthines

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. palpitation
  3. hypotension
  4. sometimes sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the drug interactions of methylxanthines

A
  1. Sympathomimetics x methylxanthines Causes bronchodilation and cardiac stimulation as it potentiates the effects of sympathomimetics
  2. Phenytoin/rifampicin/phenobarbital x theophylline : Are enzyme inducers and interfere with theophylline metabolism.
  3. Cimetidine /Ciprofloxacin/erythromycin x theophylline: they are enzyme inhibitors, interfering with theophylline metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the uses of methylxanthianes 

A
  1. Bronchial asthma and COPD
  2. apnoea in premature infants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name anticholinergic drugs used in asthma

A
  1. Ipratropium bromide
  2. Tiotropium bromide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of leukotriene antagonist

A

They blocked effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes on bronchial smooth muscles. Cause:
1. Bronchodilation
2. suppresses bronchial inflammation
3. decreases hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the side effects of leukotriene antagonist

A
  1. Headache
  2. skin rashes
  3. rarely eosinophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which Leukotriene antagonist inhibits 5-Lipooxygenase 

A

Zileuton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name leukotriene antagonists

A
  1. Montelukast
  2. Zafirlukast
  3. Zileuton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name mast cell stabilizers 

A
  1. Sodium cromoglycate
  2. Ketotifen
17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizer

A

Inhibit the release of various mediators histamine, LT’s, PG’s, PAF, etc.  by stabilizing the cell membrane

18
Q

What are the uses of mast cells stabilizers

A
  1. Allergic asthma
  2. Allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis etc.
19
Q

What are the adverse effects of mast cell stabilizers

A
  1. Cough
  2. bronchospasm
  3. headache
  4. nasal congestion
20
Q

Name systemic and inhaled glucocorticoids

A

systemic:
1. Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 
2. Prednisolone
3. methylprednisolone
Inhalation:
1. beclomethasone
2. budesonide
3. fluticasone

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids

A

Glucocorticoids into synthesis of Lipocortin which inhibits phospholipase A2 And there by preventing the formation of various mediator such as PG’s, TXA2 , SRS-As, etc. They:
1. Suppress anti-inflammatory response
2. decrease mucosal oedema
3. reduce bronchial hyperactivity

22
Q

What are the side effects of glucocorticoids

A
  1. Hoarseness of voice
  2. dysphonia
  3. oropharyngeal candidiasis
  4. gastric irritation
  5. sodium and water retention
  6. muscle weakness
  7. osteoporosis
  8. HPA axis suppression
23
Q

Name anti-IgE monoclonal antibody

A

Omalizumab

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti- IgE mono clonal antibodies

A

Prevents the binding of IgE to mast cells, preventing mast cell degranulation

25
Q

What are the side effects of omalizumab

A
  1. Redness
  2. stinging
  3. itching
  4. induration
26
Q

What are the inhalation devices for asthma

A
  1. metered dose inhaler
  2. Dry powder inhalers
  3. Nebulizers 
27
Q

Describe the treatment of acute severe asthma

A
  1. Administer humidified oxygen
  2. nebulized beta2 adrenergic agonist (Salbutamol 5 mg/turbutaline 10 mg) and anti-cholinergic agent (Ipratropium bromide 0.5 mg) 
  3. Systemic glucocorticoids. IV hydrocortisone 200 mg
  4. IV fluids to correct dehydration
  5. Potassium supplements to correct hypokalaemia
  6. Sodium bicarbonate to treat acidosis
  7. Antibiotics to treat infection
28
Q

Which drugs should be avoided in patients with bronchial asthma

A
  1. NSAIDs Like aspirin, ibuprofen, and diclofenac (paracetamol can be used)
  2. Beta adrenergic antagonist/blockers
  3. cholinergic agents

Autocoids And Respiratory System (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions