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Edexcel A Level History > Britain: Unionism > Flashcards

Britain: Unionism Flashcards

1
Q

When was the first Friendly Societies Act passed?

A

1793

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2
Q

When was the Unlawful Oaths Act passed?

A

1797

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3
Q

When did Robert Owen take over mills at New Lanark?

A

1799

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4
Q

Who took over the mills at New Lanark in 1799?

A

Robert Owen

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5
Q

When was the first Combination of Workmen Act passed?

A

July 1799

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6
Q

What did the first Combination of Workmen Act do?

A

Banned unionisation (to improve working conditions)

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7
Q

When was the Combinations Act amended (Second Combination Act passed)?

A

1800

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8
Q

When did major strikes by cotton spinners occur in Lancashire?

A

1810

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9
Q

For how long did the strikes by cotton spinners in Lancashire take place?

A

4 months

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10
Q

Which group of workers held major strikes in Lancashire in 1810?

A

Cotton Spinners

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11
Q

When was the Corn Law introduced?

A

1815

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12
Q

What two key things happened in 1816 relating to New Lanark?

A

Future Russian Tsar Grand Duke Nicholas visits

Institue for the Formation of Character set up

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13
Q

When did Grand Duke Nicholas visit New Lanark?

A

1816

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14
Q

When was the infant school established at New Lanark?

A

1817

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15
Q

In 1818, which two societies were formed and collapsed?

A

Philanthropic Hercules (London) and Philanthropic Society (Lancashire)

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16
Q

The strikes held by the Lancashire cotton spinners began to spread nationally in what year?

A

1818

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17
Q

When did the Philanthropic Hercules and Philanthropic Society form, and where were each based?

A

1818

London and Lancashire respectively

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18
Q

When did the Philanthropic Hercules and Philanthropic Society collapse?

A

1818

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19
Q

When was the Co-operative and Economical Society formed?

A

1821

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20
Q

Who formed the Co-operative and Economical Society?

A

Henry Hetherington

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21
Q

Which Act was passed in 1823?

A

The Master and Servant Act, which made failure to complete contract punishable by imprisonment

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22
Q

Which Act was passed in 1825?

A

New Combinations of Workmen Act, which banned ‘molestation’ (aka Molestation Act)

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23
Q

What happened to the Combinations of Workmen Act in 1824?

A

It was repealed

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24
Q

When was the Master and Servant Act passed?

A

1823

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25
What did the Master and Servant Act do?
Made failure to complete contract punishable by imprisonment
26
When was the Co-operator newspaper published?
1827
27
Who published the first Co-operator newspaper?
William King
28
When was the Grand General Union of Spinners established?
1829
29
Who established the Grand General Union of Spinners?
John Doherty
30
What did John Doherty do in 1829?
Establish the Grand General Union of Spinners
31
When was the National Equitable Labour Exchange set up?
1832
32
When was the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union established?
1834
33
What happened to the Tolpuddle 'Martyrs' in 1834?
They were arrested, tried and sent to Australia for 7 years
34
What happened in Newport in 1839?
There was an armed uprising
35
When were the Rochdale Pioneers founded?
1844
36
When was the armed uprising in Newport?
1839
37
When was the first 'Model Union' set up?
1851
38
What was the name of the first 'Model Union'?
Amalgamated Society of Engineers
39
When was the Amalgamated Society of Engineers set up?
1851
40
When was the second Friendly Societies Act passed?
1855
41
When was the first strike action of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers and what happened?
1852, defeated that year
42
What Act was passed in 1855?
Friendly Societies Act
43
What two key things were set up in 1860?
London Trades Council | Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners
44
When was the London Trades Council set up?
1860
45
When was the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners set up?
1860
46
When was the Co-operative Wholesale Society set up?
1863
47
What is the 'virtuous cycle' and which society does it relate to?
Co-operative movement Buy in bulk --> lower prices --> able to sell good quality and low costs so people buy from the shop --> profits put back into community and able to keep store going
48
When were the Sheffield Outrages?
1866
49
When was the Birmingham Trades Council set up?
1866
50
Where was the London Trades Council meeting held in 1866?
Sheffield
51
When was the Trades Union Act passed?
1871
52
What did the Conference of Amalgamated Trades do in 1867?
Arrange representation to Royal Commission
53
What's a 'knobstick'?
A term for someone who didn't support union action/crossed the picket line Often immigrants who were desperate for work
54
The cotton spinners who had strikes in 1810, were backed up by who, and in what year?
Weavers in 1818
55
What was a key weakness of the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union?
Still a load of independent bodies mainly concerned w/ self interests Partially bc meagre funds unable to support those on strike (claimed 1 million members, but only 16,000 paid fee)
56
What happened in Derby in 1834?
1,500 mill workers locked out for failure to renounce union, but had to 4 months later due to lack of funds from 'Grand National'
57
What was 'the Document'?
A piece of papers employees had to sign denouncing any commitment to a union. Failure to sign could result in them being locked out or even sacked Used by employers to sift out union members & secure obedience
58
When did the 'Grand National' collapse?
1835
59
Give a key reason why the 'Grand National' collapsed.
Financial burden of having to support loyal members who were locked out for their union commitment combined w/ loss of funds from those who had renounced their affiliation
60
Whah happened to unionisation after the passing of the Combination Act in 1799?
Aimed to be prevented but actually grew due to improving modes of communication e.g. postal service Also, not implemented effectively - Unlawful Oaths Act carried harsher sentences, so used more
61
What is a suggested reason for the passing of the Combination Act 1799?
Perceived dangers from the war with France --> after war had ended in 1815, Acts largely ignored
62
What were two key features of New Model Unionism?
High subscription fees More nationalised Strong administrative structure
63
When was the Trades Union Congress founded?
1868
64
What were the advantages of the NMUs high subscription fees?
``` Could: keep out 'riff-raff' Build up funds Pay organisers & general secretaries Could fund striking if needed Offer benefits to other members ```
65
Arguably, what was the Grand National Consolidated Trade Union an attempt of?
NMUnionism
66
What are some key differences between TUs and NMUs?
NMUs = more organised, tactics focussed on peaceful talk and education, more organised, more nationalised, high subscription fee
67
When was the Master and Servant Act repealed?
1867
68
What were 'friendly societies?'
Groups of workers who joined together to provide mutual social and financial support to each other when the time arose
69
Why did the Philanthropic Hercules/Society collapse?
The arrest of 5 of their leaders involved in strike action
70
When was the war with the French Republic?
1793 - 1815
71
What was the impact of the war with France?
Government suspicion of groups of working men - thought they could start a revolution like France
72
In 1820, how much did the Gross National Product rise by?
16.8%
73
What did the Royal Commission show about government attitudes to TUs?
Both Minority and Majority wanted to legalise TUs to an extent - more enlightened
74
How many members did the GNCTU claim to have?
1 million
75
How many members actually paid the subscription fees of the GNCTU?
16,000
76
What was the Unlawful Oaths Act?
Basically a law that banned affiliations with clubs that could 'disrupt' - e.g. strikes
77
How did the amendment of the Combinations Act in 1800 change it?
Allowed appeals in local court Allowed for legally binding arbitration in wage disputes Forbade employees' organisations
78
How successful were the first Combinations Acts?
Not very Poorly executed Other punishments were harsher and so preferred
79
When were the first Combinations Act repealed?
1824
80
What did the New Combinations Act do?
Made 'molestation' illegal; (pressuring others to strike)
81
How many people were prosecuted under the Master and Servant Act in the years between 1857-1875?
10,000 each year in England and Wales
82
What did the 'repeal' of the Master and Servant Act do in 1867?
Only removed the most unfair elements
83
What happened with the Tolpuddle 'Martyrs'?
Formed in October 1833 as their pay was reduced to 6 shillings Decided to form a Friendly Society - got help from 2 TU members Arrested and prosecuted under Unlawful Oaths Act - given harsh sentence - made example out of
84
By 1874, British TUs had how many members?
Over 1 million
85
'Aristocracy of labour' refers to what?
NMUs, ASE - only really protected skilled workers
86
In 1852, how much did the ASE membership tax generate?
Around £12,000
87
What was the most influential action of the ASE and when was it?
1859-60 London Builders looked to reduce working day to 9 hours With 3 separate donations of £1000 they managed to strike for 6 months and force a compromise

Edexcel A Level History (7 decks)

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