Britain: Industrialisation Flashcards
When was the threshing machine created?
1789
Who created the threshing machine?
Andrew Meikle
When did Richard Arkwright die?
1792
When were county banks allowed to issue bank notes?
1797
When was the first census taken?
1801
When was the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act passed?
1802
What did the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act do?
Set treatment of apprentices and workplace cleanliness
Which group of workers protested in St George’s Fields in 1808?
Weavers
When were the weavers protests in St George’s Fields, Manchester?
1808
Where were the weavers protests in 1808 held?
St George’s Fields, Manchester
When do Luddite protests begin?
1811
Why do Luddites begin protesting in 1811?
Unemployment and increasing use of machinery
When was the Frame Breaking Act passed?
1812
What did the 1812 Frame Breaking Act do?
Made destruction of frames punishable by death
When was the Statue of Artificers repealed?
1813
What did the Statue of Artificers do?
Provide regulation of wages and working conditions
When were the Corn Laws introduced?
1815
When did Luddism end?
1817
When was the Cotton Mills and Factory Act passed?
1819
What did the Cotton Mills and Factory Act do?
Limited child labour (9-16) to 12 hours a day
When was the Banking Co-partnership Act passed?
1826
What did the Banking Co-partnerhsip Act do?
Allow for joint-stock banks and financial development by repealing the 1720 Bubble Act
When were the Swing Riots?
1830 - 1831
Why did the Swing Riots break out?
Increased used of machinery
2 consecutively poor harvests
Agricultural working conditions
When was the start of the 10 Hour Movement?
1830
When was the Manchester to Liverpool railway built?
1830
When did Oastler write his letter on ‘Yorkshire Slavery’?
1830
How many people did the cholera outbreak in Sunderland kill?
32,000
When was the major outbreak of cholera in Sunderland?
1831
Where did cholera originally break out in 1831?
Sunderland
When was the (first) Factory Act passed?
1831
What did the first Factory Act do?
Limited the working day for u18s to 12 hours
When was the first Factory Act amended?
1833
How did the amendment change the first Factory Act?
Children u9 no longer allowed to work, 9-13 limited to 8 hours a day
When were London joint stock banks permitted to issue cheques?
1833
When were the South Wales Rebecca Riots?
1838
When was the Mines Act passed?
1842
What did the 1842 Mines Act do?
Disallowed women and boys u10 from working underground following Royal Commission
When did Chadwick publish ‘The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain’?
1842
Who published ‘The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain’?
Chadwick
When was the second (effective) Factory Act passed?
1844
What did the second (effective) Factory Act do?
Introduce moderate safety precautions, limiting hours of women in textiles to 12 hours
Which Factory Act introduced moderate safety precautions and limited hours of women in textiles?
1844
Which Factory Act limited the working day for u18s to 12 hours?
1831
When were children u9 disallowed to work and limited 9-13 y/os to 8 hours a day?
1833
When was the Railway Regulation Act passed?
1844
What did the Railway Regulation Act do?
Strengthened state power over rail companies
When was the Health of Towns Association established?
1844
When was the Ten Hours Act passed?
1847
What did the Ten Hours Act do?
Limited length of working day for women and children only
When was the Public Health Act passed?
1848
What did the passing of the Public Health Act do?
Created the first central Health Board
When was the third Factory Act passed?
1850
Which Factory Act regulated hours within the day that women could work?
Third, 1850
What did the third Factory Act in 1850 do?
Regulated hours within the day that women could work
When did the Great Exhibition take place in London?
1851
When was the Burial Act passed?
1852
What did the passing of the Burial Act in 1852 do?
Established Burial Board overseeing network of cemeteries in London
When was the fourth Factory Act passed?
1856
What did the Factory Act in 1856 do?
Repealed some safety feature in 1844
When was the Sanitary Act passed?
1866
What did the Sanitary Act do?
Made sanitation inspections and records compulsory
When was the first Combination Act passed?
1799
When was the Second Combination Act passed?
1800
When were the Combinations Acts (first 2) withdrawn?
1824
When was the New Combinations of Workmen Act passed?
1825
How many banks were there in England by 1784? (excluding London)
119
How many banks were there in England by 1808? (excluding London)
800
How many joint stock banks were there by 1866?
154
By 1866 there were 154 joint-stock banks across the country. How many branches did they have between them?
850
Who were the first recognised bankers?
Goldsmiths
When was the first joint-stock bank created?
October 1826
What was the name of the first joint stock bank, created October 1826?
Lancashire Banking Company
By 1761, how much cotton wool was being imported (in weight)?
Over 3 million pounds
By 1833, how much cotton wool was being imported (in weight)?
Over 300 million pounds
By 1833 the cotton industry was employing how many people?
833,000
When did Richard Arkwright invent his water frame?
1769
Who invented the water frame in 1769?
Richard Arkwright
Who invented the Spinning Mule in 1779?
Samuel Crompton
When did Samuel Crompton invent the Spinning Mule?
1779
Investment allowed farmers to be united with industrial centres. Give an example of this
1839 - Marquess of Bute built docks at Cardiff Bay
Earl of Lonsdale credited w/ establishing Whitehaven Harbour in Cumberland
The middle class increased by what percentage between the years 1816 and 1831?
75%
Between the years 1772 and 1831 the population of Manchester increased from ___ to ___?
25,000 to 182,000
When was the Municipal Corporations Act passed?
1835
What did the Municipal Corporations Act do?
Remove local council powers from oligarchies
Allowed local councils to take over from local utilities (e.g. sewage and water supply)
In 1801, what proportion of Birmingham lived in back to backs?
2/3rds
By 1841, how many back to backs did Nottingham have?
12,600
The population of Manchester increased from 25,000 to 182,000 between what years?
1772 to 1831
