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Edexcel A Level History > Britain: Slavery > Flashcards

Britain: Slavery Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Quakers present a petition against the slave trade (which was followed by the creation of a committee)?

A

Presented to government June 1783 by their London Yearly Meeting

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2
Q

How many people signed the petition presented to government in June 1783 by the Quaker’s London Yearly Meeting?

A

273

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3
Q

In 1784, how many anti-slavery pamphlets did the Quakers sell?

A

10,000 copies

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4
Q

When was slavery abolished in Britain?

A

1772

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5
Q

When did Thomas Clarkson publish ‘Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species’?

A

1786

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6
Q

When was the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade founded?

A

1787

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7
Q

In 1796 a bill for the immediate abolition of the broader issue of slavery was very nearly passed. Why does historian Roger Antsey find this to be key?

A

He argues abolition was brought about due to a ‘moral crusade’.
This evidences supports this in the sense that it almost passed despite being a time where Britain would have been heavily profiting from the slave trade

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8
Q

When was the Zong case?

A

1783

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9
Q

What was Zong case?

A

A legal case whereby slave ship owners had ordered 133 slaves to be thrown overboard when food supplies were running low.
He wanted make an insurance claim for those who’d drowned but they refused
Legal case made about the insurance claim, and despite ruling against the ship owners, it was maintained that it was sometimes acceptable to kill slaves

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10
Q

What percentage of Britain’s annual income was dependant on the slave trade?

A

24%

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11
Q

How many MPs were estimated to be tied to the anti-abolitionist ‘West India Lobby’ group?

A

50

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12
Q

In 1792, how many pro-abolition petitions were signed?

A

519 that year alone

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13
Q

In 1787 in Manchester, what proportion of the town signed an abolition petition?

A

10,700 out of 50,000

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14
Q

Which MP presented a bill in favour of abolition every year between 1791 and 1799?

A

William Wilberforce

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15
Q

When were the violent Haitian slave revolts?

A

1791

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16
Q

What year was Wilberforce able to gain parliamentary support for his abolition bill?

A

1804/1806

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17
Q

Which historian presents the ‘Decline Thesis’ to explain slave trade abolition?

A

Eric Williams

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18
Q

What is Eric Williams’ ‘Decline Thesis’?

A

A economic argument to explain the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. Basically states that it was becoming unprofitable for those engaged with it

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19
Q

What does Eric Williams think about the humanitarian argument?

A

Not convinced
V. selective, and if truly motivated by humanitarianism, would have included other ‘crimes’ such as mine working conditions or poverty of the working class

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20
Q

By the 1790s, where was the biggest slave trade port in the world?

A

Liverpool

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21
Q

In 1780s Bristol, what percentage of people’s income was estimated to be slave-based?

A

40%

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22
Q

Between what years did 87% of Britain’s textile output go abroad?

A

1784-1786

1805-1807

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23
Q

Between 1784 and 1786, and 1805 and 1807, what percentage of Britain’s textile output went abroad?

A

87%

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24
Q

By the end of the 1700s, what were the average yearly profits from the slave trade?

A

Nearly 3 million pounds

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25
Q

What was the average return on a single voyage? (excluding Liverpool)

A

20-50%

Liverpool - 100%

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26
Q

What proportion of voyages ended in slave revolt?

A

1 in 10

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27
Q

By 1776, how much money did Glasgow merchants’ American partners owe them?

A

More than £1.3 million

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28
Q

How much money were Liverpool’s city merchants estimated to have lost in the years 1772-1778?

A

£700,000

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29
Q

By 1788, how many of Liverpool’s leading merchant houses had gone bankrupt due to slavery debt?

A

12 out of 30

30
Q

Who wrote ‘Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Man Species’ in 1786?

A

Thomas Clarkson

31
Q

Who wrote ‘The Impolicy of the African Slave Trade’?

A

Thomas Clarkson

32
Q

When did Clarkson publish ‘The Impolicy of the African Slave Trade’?

A

1788

33
Q

When was ‘The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano’ published?

A

1789

34
Q

Name two famous evangelical Christians concerned with the abolition of the slave trade

A

Granville Sharp
Thomas Clarkson
William Wilberforce

35
Q

How did Clarkson become a leading abolitionist?

A

After winning an essay writing competition while at Cambridge Uni

36
Q

When was Wilberforce finally won over to the abolition movement?

A

1787

37
Q

What is credited with being the reason for Wilberforce being won over by the abolition movement?

A

Reading Clarkson’s essay - persuaded to take up the banner

38
Q

How many miles did Clarkson travel on his tour?

A

35,000 between 1787 and 1794

39
Q

How many branches of the SEAST did Clarkson help found?

A

1200

40
Q

In 1790, how many ships did Clarkson visit?

A

317

41
Q

In 1790, how many sailors did Clarkson speak to?

A

3000

42
Q

Why is Wilberforce’s commitment to the cause doubted?

A

Bills often presented late in the session when members had little time to properly consider, or presented when other issues were of more importance

43
Q

When did Equiano die?

A

1797

44
Q

When did Equiano join the Sons of Africa group?

A

1787

45
Q

Which group did Equiano join in 1787?

A

Sons of Africa

46
Q

What was the Dolben Act?

A

Legislation which sought to improve the conditions aboard slaves ships by regulating the no. of slaves to be carried of vessels
A doctor was also required to travel on board

47
Q

When did Sons of Africa organise a march in support of the Dolben Act?

A

1788

48
Q

Which act was the 1788 Sons of Africa march in support of?

A

Dolben Act

49
Q

When Equiano died, he left an estate worth how much?

A

£950

around £80,000 in early 21st century value

50
Q

When was the end of the American War of Independence?

A

1783

51
Q

In 1776, what percentage of the population of the 13 American colonies were of African descent?

A

Roughly 20%

52
Q

When did the American abolition movement begin?

A

1790

53
Q

When was the Dolben Act passed?

A

1788

54
Q

When was the Dolben Act made permanent?

A

1799

55
Q

Which Act made the Dolben Act permanent?

A

Slave Regulation Act

56
Q

When did Napoleon reintroduce the slave trade in France?

A

1802

57
Q

What was the effect of French reintroduction of the slave trade?

A

Abolition considered much more carefully and growth in support - patriotic to do so

58
Q

What was the impact of initial French abandonment of the slave trade (1794)?

A

Negative for abolitionists

Seen as revolutionary - propertied classes v. wary of anything remotely revolutionary

59
Q

How many plantations were burned down during the Haitian revolutions?

A

Over 1000

60
Q

How many people were killed during the Haitian revolutions?

A

12,000

61
Q

Out of the 12,000 killed during the Haitian revolutions, how many were of European descent?

A

2000

62
Q

When was the Foreign Slave Trade Act passed?

A

1806

63
Q

What was the significance of the Foreign Slave Trade Act?

A

Possible catalyst for 1807 bill - arguably ended majority of trade anyway

64
Q

What did the Foreign Slave Trade Act do?

A

Forbade trading w/ countries Britain was at war w/

Cut a lot of trade down as much done on behalf of other countries

65
Q

The Foreign Slave Trade Act cut slave trade down by roughly how much?

A

Almost 2/3rds

66
Q

By 1793, how many troops did the Colonial Assembly in Jamaica used to reinforce their own militia?

A

3000

67
Q

Having just witnessed the Haitian revolution, what did the Colonial Assembly decide to do in Jamaica in 1792?

A

Resolved to abandon the use of metal collars for shackling slaves together
Abandon use of mutilation as a punishment

68
Q

In the 1780s alone, how many fully laden slave trips left British ports?

A

Over 1000

69
Q

In the 1780s alone, how many Africans were carried into a life of slavery?

A

Over 300,000

70
Q

When is the slave trade abolished?

A

1807

71
Q

On his 1798 voyage, merchant Thomas Leyland made a profit of how much?

A

£12,000 (about £1 million today)

72
Q

What year did merchant Thomas Leyland’s slave voyage result in him making profits of £12,000 (about £1 million today)?

A

1798

Edexcel A Level History (7 decks)

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