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Russia History > Britain Tories 1951-1964 > Flashcards

Britain Tories 1951-1964 Flashcards

1
Q

Between which years was Churchill Prime Minister?

A

1951-1955

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2
Q

What percentage of the votes did the Conservatives get and why did they still win in 1951?

A

The Tories got 48% of the vote compared to Labour’s 48.8% but won a majority due to first past the post

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3
Q

Between which years was Anthony Eden Prime Minister?

A

1955-1957

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4
Q

Between which years was Macmillan Prime Minister?

A

1957-1963

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5
Q

What is a one-nation Conservative?

A

All classes in society have obligations to one another and those who are better off have a responsibility to help those worse off.

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6
Q

Who was Rab Butler under Churchill?

A

Chancellor of the Exchequer

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7
Q

Who was Macmillan under Churchill?

A

Housing Minister

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8
Q

Who was Macmillan under Eden?

A

Foreign Secretary and Treasury as of October 1955

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9
Q

What happened to Churchill in 1953?

A

He had a stroke

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10
Q

What percentage of the vote did the Conservatives win in 1955?

A

49.7% to Labour’s 46.4%

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11
Q

Why was Macmillan more popular than Butler?

A

Due to Butler’s previous strong support for the policy of appeasement

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12
Q

Macmillan called an election in 1959, after Eden’s resignation, what percentage did the Tories win?

A

48.8% to 44.6% but with 365 seats to Labour’s 258.

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13
Q

What is post-war consensus?

A
  1. Supporting a mixed economy of 2. nationalised and private industry
  2. Support for the NHS and welfare
  3. Aimed for full employment
  4. Co-operating with trade unions.
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14
Q

What is another term for post-war consensus?

A

Butskellism after Conservative politician R.A Butler and Labour Leader Hugh Gaitskell, who co-operated closely.

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15
Q

Who was Nye Bevan and Hugh Gaitskell?

A

Nye Bevan had been Minister of Health and resigned in 1951 over prescription charges, whilst Gaitskell introduced them. One was left-wing and one was more right-leaning and this lead to a split in the Labour Party that would only worsen

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16
Q

What was the CND?

A

The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament supported by many left-wingers

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17
Q

Who was Frank Cousins?

A

A left-winger, who was leader of the Transport and General Workers Union(TGWU)

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18
Q

How did the CND and Frank Cousins affect the Labour Party in the 50s?

A

Turned voters and unions away due to both Bevan and Gaitskell’s opposition to unilateral nuclear disarmament

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19
Q

What was Clause IV of the Labour Party

A

It committed Labour to nationalisation and Gaitskell proposed to remove it only to be met with hostility.

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20
Q

What happened in 1963 for Labour?

A

Gaitskell died and Harold Wilson was elected leader.

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21
Q

What happened to the Conservatives’ application to join the EEC in 1961?

A

It was rejected by de Gaulle.

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22
Q

What was Macmillan’s Night of the Long Knives?

A

In July 1962, he sacked a third of his cabinet, intended to revitalise his government but weakened it instead.

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23
Q

Who was George Blake?

A

A Soviet double agent who was convicted in 1961

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24
Q

Who was John Vassal?

A

A civil servant who was blackmail by the Soviets for his homosexuality.

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25
Q

What was the Profumo affair?

A

John Profoumo, Secretary of State War had an affair with Christine Keeler, who was also sleeping with Ivanov, a Soviet spy

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26
Q

When did food rationing come to an end?

A

July 1954

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27
Q

How many more people were there in the UK in 1961 compared to ‘51?

A

2 million more with 51 million people in Great Britain.

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28
Q

What was achieved in 1955 in regards to workforce?

A

Full employment with only 200,000 unemployed, 1%< of the workforce

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29
Q

What percentage was annual wage increase at in 1960?

A

8%

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30
Q

How many people/what percentage of the population were employed in service industries?

A

5 million people or 1/5 of the population

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31
Q

How much more goods was Britain importing compared to 1951?

A

29% more imports.

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32
Q

What is ‘stop-go’ economics?

A

Low interest rates + rising consumer spending(go) leads to overheating economy and leading to higher interest rates, spending cuts and general deflation.

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33
Q

What is balance of payments?

A

Similar to balance of trades but includes invisible imports and exports, such as financial services(e.g banking)

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34
Q

Who was Peter Thorneycroft?

A

Macmillan’s Chancellor who advocated for what would go on to be Monetarism but was pushed back by other Conservatives due to Post-war consensus

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35
Q

What occurred right after the Suez Crisis

A

A run on the pound

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36
Q

What did the April 1959 Tory budget provide?

A

Tax cuts of 370 million pounds

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37
Q

What did Britain have to request for the overheating economy in 1961?

A

A loan from the IMF

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38
Q

What was the 1963 Beeching report?

A

Published in november, it recommended massiv cuts in Britain’s railway. Going as far as suggesting 30% of the rail be closed. This was very unpopular with the public and left rural areas isolated.

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39
Q

How many houses did Macmillan aim to build as Housing Minister?

A

300,000 per year and he exceeded this. At the cost of quality

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40
Q

What was men’s weekly wage in 1951 compared to ‘61?

A

£8.30 to £15.35

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41
Q

What is hire purchase?

A

People place a deposit on an expensive item and pay it off in monthly installment

42
Q

How much did car ownership increase by between 1957 and 1959?

A

25%

43
Q

How many miles of new or upgraded roads were completed between 1957-63?

A

1,200

44
Q

How many people on average holidayed at Butlins every week in the 1950s?

A

60,000

45
Q

What percentage of the population enjoyed foreign holidays in the 50s?

A

Less than 2%

46
Q

In the 1951 election what percentage of the working class voted for Labour?

A

65%

47
Q

In the 1951 election, what percentage of middle-class voters voted for the Tories?

A

80%

48
Q

What percentage of all women were married?

A

75%

49
Q

What was the average age of marriage for women?

A

21

50
Q

What was family allowance?

A

A weekly benefit for each child in a family, renamed child benefit in 1957 and was intended to keep women from working

51
Q

What did trade unions think of women working in the 50s and early 60s?

A

That they would lower wages(What the actual fuck?)

52
Q

Which two groups got “equal pay” in the early 50s?

A

Teachers(1952) and civil servants(1954)

53
Q

How much did household ownership of washing machines rise by between ‘57-‘59

A

54%

54
Q

How much did household refrigerator ownership rise between ‘57-‘59?

A

58%

55
Q

What was the Empire Windrush?

A

A ship from Kingston, Jamaica to London in May 1948, carrying 492 migrant workers seeking a new life in Britain.

56
Q

How many immigrants had settled by 1958?

A

210,000 Commonwealth immigrants

57
Q

What percentage of the Commonwealth immigrants in the 50s were male?

A

75%

58
Q

How many people did Britain receive seeking a permanent place of residence in the 1950s?

A

676,000

59
Q

How many people emigrated from Britain in the 1950s?

A

1.32 million

60
Q

When the Nottingham n-word hunts?

A

August 1958

61
Q

When were the Notting Hill riots?

A

1958

62
Q

Who was Oswald Mosley?

A

Leader of the British Union of Fascists

63
Q

When was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act passed?

A

1962

64
Q

What was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act?

A

Restricted immigration from the Commonwealth

65
Q

When was National Service ended?

A

1960

66
Q

How many teenagers were there estimated to be in 1959?

A

5 million

67
Q

What were Teddy boys associated with?

A

Edwardian fashion and rising crime

68
Q

What two groups developed in the late fifties/early sixties?

A

Mods and Rockers

69
Q

What was the first English language film to mention the word ‘homosexual’?

A

Victim b

70
Q

When was the Victim movie made?

A

1961

71
Q

What sexually explicit novel led to a court case under the Obscenity Act?

A

Lady Chatterley’s Lover

72
Q

Who was Mary Whitehouse?

A

She was a Birmingham housewife who started a moral crusade in 1963 against ‘immorality and indeceny’?

73
Q

What was the Schuman Plan of 1950?

A

Outlined the plans for a Coal and Steel Community to share French and German heavy industry

74
Q

When was EFTA formed?

A

1959

75
Q

When was the first application to join the EEC?

A

1961

76
Q

Who was Macmillan’s chief negotiator with the EEC?

A

Edward Heath

77
Q

When did Charles de Gaulle veto Macmillan’s application?

A

1963

78
Q

When was the Suez Crisis?

A

1956

79
Q

When did Britain test their first atomic bombs?

A

1952

80
Q

When was Britain’s ‘H’ bomb first tested?

A

1957

81
Q

What was the CND?

A

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

82
Q

When was the CND formed?

A

1958

83
Q

How many people took part in the demonstration at Aldermaston(a weapons research base) in 1958?

A

8000

84
Q

When was the Mutual Defence Agreement?

A

1958

85
Q

What was the Mutual Defence Agreement?

A

An agreement between the US and the UK to share nuclear technology

86
Q

When was the Britain’s nuclear rocket ‘Blue Streak’ abandoned?

A

1960

87
Q

What replaced ‘Blue Streak’?

A

The American Polaris submarine weapons system

88
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

1950-1953

89
Q

How many troops did Britain supply for the Korean War?

A

90,000

90
Q

How many British troops died in the Korean War?

A

Over 1000

91
Q

What percentage of Western Europe’s oil imports passed through the Suez canal before 1956?

A

80%

92
Q

When was India granted its independence?

A

1947

93
Q

In which countries did Britain fight national independence movements?

A

Malaysia, Kenya and Cyprus

94
Q

When did the Mau Mau rebellion outbreak?

A

1952

95
Q

Which African colony was the first to gain independence?

A

Ghana(formerly the Gold Coast)

96
Q

When did Ghana gain independence?

A

1957

97
Q

When did Nigeria and Cyprus gain independence?

A

1960

98
Q

When did Sierra Leone gain independence?

A

1961

99
Q

When did Uganda gain independence?

A

1962

100
Q

When did Kenya gain independence?

A

1963

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